The thermal isolation of the walls makes it possible to limit in a considerable way the transfers of heat. It provides a good solution in terms of energy saving, because the walls are regarded as the second source of loss of heat after the roof. However, it must observe conditions for a comfort and an optimal economy.
Materials used for the insulation of the walls:
The insulation of the walls must take account of their environmental impact in addition to the economies which they could bring in the calorific reduction of consumption. The use of natural material can be more recommended to equal capacities if it is not for certain higher with industrial materials.
The material par excellence of a good insulation is the air. The various materials function indeed on the principle of the imprisonment of the air in varied forms where the principal criterion selected is thermal resistance. The choice of the matter used depends moreover on its aptitude of resistance in moist environment not to attack the frame of construction.
This choice, can go on:
• Natural elements such as vegetable or animal fibers or the mineral substances: tease sheep, wire or concrete of hemp, cellulose wadding, pearlite…
• Industrial materials such as glass fiber easy to find or the derivatives of oil like the polyurethane or polystyrene, but those have a strong propensity of harmful HCFC for the environment.
Interior insulation
The interior insulation consists in reconsidering the structure of the walls of the interior. Less expensive and not beginning a heavy phase of work, this technique is especially used for the insulation of the apartments, but also of the secondary houses. It is function of the plan of the building and cannot always be used, however advantageous for temporary occupations. The interior insulation of the walls does not make it possible to store heat, it can be regarded as an advantage or a disadvantage according to the needs for the owner.
The recourse to this method tends to reduce some manner, livable space while lowering energy consumption. When one resorts to this means, it is necessary to envisage the coating necessary to apply where lime remains the best argument for its praticity. In the same way, in order to prevent filtrations of the external humid air, the installation of a vapor barrier will have to go into the considerations.
Let us note that moreover, on the long run, the interior insulation tends to regress qualitatively. Minor or even major degradations can be caused in the course of time.
External insulation
Usually used in our European neighbors, the external insulation proves greedier on the level of the price and work to be engaged, but watch more effectiveness compared to the interior insulation.
With raised an enough thermal inertia, it also makes it possible not to lose its living space, because it is done on the walls located on the nonlivable side of a building. Moreover, this process makes it possible to reduce the cold bridges inside construction.
The principal technique used to obtain hermetic walls is the technique of the boarding. More precisely, that consists in posing panels made up of the elements referred to above, on a framework out of wooden supported by a blade of glass. |
