A headboard for a room is one of the main decorations of the latter and which defines a theme. Therefore, it must be consistent with the curtains, wall decorations serve to give a vision that appeals primarily to the tenant. There are several possible choices for the composition of this elementIndeed, it can be padded or quilted or made of wood or cloth, but the aim is that with a wide range of styles everyone will find its criteria in this area. There is also a real trend in the clothing inside a room, the headboard is one of its main strengths. So it adds a touch of personality to the space but also allows more than the beauty of bed. However, it is also convenient because its main function is to protect the wall succinct positioning pillows.

There are models that can be inspired to get a unique headboard and meets the needs and wishes of the owner. The first choice is in a room attached to the body of the bed or one who is detached. After that, you can opt for different models like the rustic wood which is cut before mounting the stage and the post before moving on to the assembly at allFor penny, to bring the tools like the hammer, screws, wood glue, etc. are essential. Subsequently, there must be flat and glue the boards according to the thickness before making a final determination with a cleat.

Existing models

There are many styles of forms of headboard that can answer all atmospheres that are desired in a room. There are models including classical and romantic, the type and design trend, the Zen styles and spirits, the young teen and exotic. The different building materials can have a choice contributing to enhance the room decor and the personality of the tenant or owner.

Can be categorized into three types of headboard. On the one hand, there are particular those fun. These are the most simple, practical and accessible, and where color and freedom are the watchwords of the decoration. There is also a trendy style with stickers. Different models of stickers of nature to urban planning are the choices for an element that takes place in the overall design. On the other hand, the romantic style based tableau delight the souls most sensitive. For one, there are two ways, one to an original or to the reconstruction of that.

The device of fight against the fire was first adopted in order to preserve the lives of people who use it either as part of the work or to make a home. The next objective is to protect real and personal property that can be very expensive. To achieve a successful outcome, the texts for the prevention of this phenomenon have established a set of obligations which generally aims to facilitate interventions to prevent further disaster. This is why it is necessary that all the elements to be used at points such as fire extinguishers, fire hose etc. These materials require competent and informed of the need to provide training to personnel of the building so that it takes knowledge of the right moves to adopt.

These regulations apply in the design of future buildings in the internal arrangements, but also aims at establishing a standard in technical installations such as electricity or gas and must have an emergency exit. For optimum efficiency, it takes into account the nature of the activity and number of resources present in the building and its method of construction.

Obligation and device control

To ensure that building construction professionals meet the standards imposed, a state agency is responsible for an audit. This includes monitoring compliance with building regulations.

In addition to its audit, it is also required to enforce the legislation on the field especially in the context of new provisions. For the latter, he is responsible for explaining to enable understanding and thus the implementationIn all of these audits, we will examine the risks that could cause loss of human life, the isolation of circuits of power structures and the risk of poisoning due to poor ventilation. There are also devices that must be integrated to facilitate the movement of disabled persons. These professionals, in addition to verifying the implementation of legislation on fire prevention are also required to ensure all the features of construction as the acoustic.

To fight against this phenomenon, different tools are available to builders and tenants. The extinction by gases such as carbon dioxide system is a means commonly used and effective. And for the prevention of such a phenomenon, there is the device based on sodium silicateIn addition, it is possible to use new technology such as SSI or fire safety system where there are different detectors and manual fire extinguishing devices and autonomous. There are also circuits of verification techniques, emergency lighting etc. Training is also proposed in this framework.

To increase the life of the iron in the home, it must be protected from rust, which is the primary source of damage such as swelling or cracking. The painting of this material is preceded including the cleaning of it. Cleaning is an important step and depending on the state of it, use appropriate materials.

Pickling is the first process to be followed if the material is colorful and for this it is possible to use an abrasive paper if the iron is in good condition. Use a rust remover chemical is necessary if he is suffering from rustIt must be completely removed prior to painting because it does not allow optimal protection.

For maximum protection, you should use the minium, an undercoat that insulates the metal from the ambient air and its moisture and therefore does not allow rust to settle. In general, miniums have an orange, gray, white or colorless. And nature of this product, there are currently that are also inhibitors for the effect of color and optimum protectionMoreover, you should use natural lacquer paints instead of that dull matte metallic luster. With the first, the result will be brighter with a fine color and fluid.

The types of paint suited to this material

There are paintings of aerosol type but in general, the choice must be made according to the use of ferrous material. There are specially adapted to be used on high-temperature iron and old metal radiators, components of the heaters or the fireplace plates. There are others such as alkyd rust for use directly on the material and increased protection against rust and highlights the shiny metal surfaces. These products must be able to extend their life by protecting them from attacks

For those of ferrous objects outdoors, you must opt ​​for special types. These will provide the construction ferric a maximum lifetime by effectively protecting against rust is one of the greatest evils that can strike the metal. To do this, there is a step in a nine iron material. This is to make the degreasing using acetone-based cleaner. The thin film of grease does not allow the paint to adhere. After completing work on the application of the latter, it should be cleaning tools that were used and for this there is the white spirit.

It is possible to categorize the wood treatment products in two ways. The first is to consider the composition. For this system, there are three types: those based on synthetic organic chemicals that are commonly used but wrongly. Those whose base consists of soluble salts in the water, there is such silico-fluoride and chromium salts. This category is very toxic but there are some that are less harmful, such as those containing boron salts. There are also those that are said that are oil and natural resinIt presents no health risk and offers a high protection.

The second categorization system is done according to the nature of its useIn this sense, there are two types. First, there are those that are specifically designed for the wood surface including varnishes, stains, lacquer or wax. Their main action is to protect the material external factors such as humidity, UV rays but also the dirt to keep the best place decorative. On the other hand, those involved in wood preservation are intended to protect trace elements such as fungi and wood-boring insects. To do this, this category must have at least one pesticide.

Components and use of treatment products for wood

There are several elements that are components of it and this can vary depending on the choice of each. There are three components that are important solvents and whose sole purpose is to allow the penetration of active agents within the body of the timber and then evaporate. Resins that are used as fixer between this material and active. The latter will repel biological attack against the material. Currently, there are organic products that are made from natural oils like oil of MargosaIn addition to these protective elements, there may also be fireproof or fire retardant.

For best results, we must make the right choice depending on the wood and its stateIn addition, it is also necessary to avoid harmful interactions by selecting only the products of the same brandIn order to achieve proper maintenance and follow the instructions as noted for its use, it is necessary that they are adequate for the type of material purchased. It should also be updated fairly regularly with professionals to be aware of innovations in this area.

Several factors may be causing the poor adhesion and thus the peeling paint. Can be distinguished as the origin, that which comes from the binder and another from the state of the metal itself. For better grip, it should be cleaning the surface to be painted especially for rust because it is one of the main factors that promote the detachmentIn addition to rust, all traces of existing paint must also be removed to allow immediate contact between the new paint and body of steel. And depending on the nature of the latter, it is a primary or not toFor example, if it is emulsion or glycerol, it requires.

For optimum application of paint, a surface preparation must be made and this is reflected in two ways, mechanical and chemical. For the physical cleaning must be equipped with a sandpaper replacement of aluminum silicate and magnesium or size with a layer of zinc less than 10 μ. With the abrasive must be a sweeping motion obliqueIn this stage of physical cleaning, do not violate the metal as for descaling of steel as this can lead to destruction of the galvanized coating. Chemical cleaning is mainly a reflection degreasing can be done with a dilute alkaline solution of ammonia, which will be refined by rinsing.

The model to choose

The choice of the nature of painting defines the mode of application suitable for useIndeed, there is the primary reagent can be done through a gun for a thin layer. This is adequate for sub-layers as they should be covered with special paint and whose nature is compatible with zinc coating. There are also alkyd and glycerophtalic that are commonly used in a conventional manner. Their peculiarity is that the drying is by oxidation followed by formation of fatty acids with the reaction with zinc affects the adhesion. The family of such products is to avoid.

Other models can also be applied as part of a galvanized metal. These include mono-components that can be based binder consisting essentially of polyvinyl chloride or PVC commonly. PVC compounds, acrylic or vinyl are applicable after the degreasing of a galvanized steel.

In addition, there is the type of paint that is two-component epoxy resin based on polyurethane and works well on galvanized steel. But this requires a condition, that make cleaning mechanical scanning angle. Thus, the selection of all these products requires the fact to take into account their effectiveness, their life and their mode of application.

The amount of the mortgage loan from banks amounted to about 160 billion euros in 2011, a slight decrease of almost 5% compared to 2010 (168 billion), according to a study by the Housing Credit / CSA published Thursday.

The year 2012 is expected to "sharp drop" around 130 billion euros, a dip of nearly 20%, according to Michel Mouillart, professor of economics at the University of Paris West and author of the study.

Three main causes are the cause of this sudden drop "lower borrower demand, removal of interest-free loan (PTZ) for purchases of existing homes and sharp decline in fiscalScellier advantage for investors acquiring new homes pourleslouer "said M. Mouillart.

If the prediction of MMouillart proved correct, the total loans granted in 2012 would fall below the 2008 level (140 billion), year of start of the crisis following the discovery of the case of U.S. home loans at risk (" subprime ") and bring back at 2004.

This new trend reversal occur after an explosion of these funds since the beginning of the century which contributed to the good performance of the property market in France: 70.8 billion in 2001, 87.3 in 2003, 143.7 in 2005 and the high of 170.2 Billion in 2007.

Just under a third of French households repaying mortgage, the rate edged up from 30.5% in 2010 to 31% according to a study by the household credit issued on January 19.

But households are now showing very careful with expectations of demand for new loans (including consumer) for 2012 to the lowest, according to this study.

The credits are distributed to 29% for the nine sector, 62.8% for the market of the former and 8.2% for the renovation. Rates should rise interest rates which continue to rise and conditions for the banks that have tightened, should play a role in this lower appetite for credit.

In December 2011, interest rate loans have averaged 3.94% against 3.86% in November, a jump of nearly 70 basis points compared to the lowest level since 1945 (3, 25% on average depending on the final figure) reached in November 2010, according to Housing Credit.

Only 47.2% of loans to the fourth quarter (and 43.2% endécembre) were below the "psychological barrier" of 4%.

"The need (for banks) to margin on new loans, the scarcity of resources available on the markets and the gradual rise in the cost of resources maintain the upward pressure on rates that should be accompanied by a further decline average durations "loans, says the study by the finance markets redidentials.

Consequences "should the average and up to 4.25% by next summer" and borrowers are becoming more affluent households who benefit from a greater contribution Personal "at the expense of younger customers ".

By Christian CHARCOSSEY

The French government has implemented the thermal regulation in 1974 following the oil shock of the previous year. This process was adopted to reduce the bill on energy consumption in the short term because of soaring oil prices. However, this was only an emergency measure, it was necessary to adapt it for a long-term application is possible and for maximum efficiency. The first legislation of 1974 focused on the factors of heat loss of new constructionIt aimed to reduce by 25% energy consumption compared to the standards set in the 1950s. To this end, he insists on the insulators of the living space from the outside world as the walls and roof but also the renewal of the air. And to have a clear idea, it has established a factor, the heat transfer coefficient K.

In all, the thermal regulation had three revisions after its adoption in 1974 before the year 2000. The first revision was made in the year 1977 during which the calculation of heat transfer coefficient K has been refined. The other two were held in 1982 and 1988, and since the last year that the heating equipment were also taken into account and were the subject of legislation.

The purpose of this regulation

The regulations aim to reduce thermal energy consumption of each household by highlighting the improvements available. In addition to the coefficient K, there was also the coefficient G which reported the loss of heat-related air change. This parameter is expressed in watts per cubic meter for a variation of a degree Kelvin, taking into account the internal and external temperature of the house. The cause of the adoption of this measure was the first oil shock and in the second, this was an increase favor increased energy economy. For each renewal it revolves around a 20% improvement.

In 2000, a new regulation was developed to be implemented in 2001. The innovation is that it is no longer the new individual buildings that are affected by the law but also the existing buildings and residences tertiary. The standard today is under the RT 2005 but will be replaced in early 2013 by the RT 2012 in preparationThe latter was established at the Grenelle Environment Forum was planned for 2010 but was delayedHowever, it is already implemented in respect of tertiary structures and those built in areas ANRU.

"For that invests abroad, France is an island of securityThere is no great fear of 'the hammer and sickle'. There is no big night of luxury real estate, "says Charles-Marie Jottras, chairman of specialist Daniel Féau.

Same feeling for Sylvain Bouchut, Commercial Director France, "the closeness of the presidential election does not affect the marketIn Eastern Europe, the rich are more afraid of the political situation at home than at home ".

"In addition to East Europeans, it's easier to get money out of their countries to invest in real estate through deeds issued by notary, as in other sectors" ,  he says.

Daniel Féau "currently experiencing a large influx of customers from Russia and the Middle East because of the geopolitical context of these regions," comments MJottras However in 2012, which provides a stabilization of prices, which have soared over the last two years.

Marie-Helene Lundgreen, director of Beautiful Homes of France, a subsidiary of Daniel Féau, stresses that "even the Americans are back in France".

"The super-rich clients is alive and well", is delighted Thibault de Saint Vincent, president of the Barnes Agency, which reports that half its customers over the past three months came from South America, including Brazil.

An Indonesian businessman, specializing in oil and gold, wants to invest 30 million euros in Paris, gives as an example MSt. Vincent. Which would be more than 20 million recently paid by a Russian billionaire for a house, sold through Daniel Féau, which were filmed scenes of the movie Da Vinci Code.

This coveted customer diversification is reflected in the consultations on the website of Daniel Féau where the Chinese and Indians are making their appearance in the "Top 2O" nationalities, according to Nicolas Pettex-Muffat, Director General, who said ausssi the recent interest of the Syrians.

Also boosted by sales of French people who wanted to escape the lengthening of the period of ownership of second homes (15 to 30 years) to avoid taxation on capital gains, Daniel Féau sprayed en2011 sales volume (1.256 billion), an increase of 23% compared to 2010.

The health sector of envyAfter the arrival in France of the American Coldwell Banker is John Taylor, founded in 1863 and now owned by the family of Monaco Pastor, who has decided to continue its expansion by opening an office in the 10th Megève before implementing a second agency in the capital, on the left bank.

"The Emperor of luxury" Bernard Arnault even be interested in the sector.

But Charles-Marie Jottras, Daniel Féau majority shareholder, has denied rumors of negotiations with LVMH saying it "did not intend to sell".

By Christian CHARCOSSEY

On French territory, the law that deals with thermal standards is to establish a maximum limit on the energy consumption for new buildings and renovated buildings. Several issues are addressed by this law as the most important factors on energy consumption. There is obviously heating including air conditioning and ventilation but heating the tap water for household needs. Lighting is also a prerequisite to all homes. This law was implemented in 1974 to impose a maximum energy consumption for all work on the property which required a building permit. 

All features that address heat loss are affected, namely the ceiling is the most important in terms of energy dispersion of a construction. The walls that isolate the external environment are in second place and the floor that isolates the living space of a soil are different criteria to take into account in this context. To view the consumption of a building, a calculation method has been developed with respect to the surfaceA reference is made to each type of construction to compare expenditures to be lower. This reference value is calculated from several factors such as the main use of the building, the use of lighting, air conditioning. This is done based on meteorological data also. 

What you should know about the law in force

Currently, the RT2005 applies from 1 September 2006 and affects all construction work requiring the granting of planning permissionIt was introduced in order to meet the standards cited in the European Directive established December 16, 2002It covers the energy consumption of new buildings and existing. The French community is by this means a reduction by 4 emission rate of CO gas in the property sector which is an important part. This objective is planned for year 2050.

To achieve the intended purpose on that date, the law provides an improvement of about 15% of energy expenditure and that every 5 years to achieve by 2020 an effective reduction of 40%. To strengthen this objective, the community will adopt a new regulation, RT 2012, effective at the beginning of 2013. She will report on several issues such as orientation, renewable energy but also insulation and glazed spaces. All this is always done in order to limit the minimum energy consumption and reduce the emission of CO, which harms the environment. The fight against this harmful gas is part of one of the major concerns of politicians in the world.

Before proceeding with the installation of the window, make sure to have the tools and follow the steps. Indeed, the materials are required to carry out its work, there is the crowbar that can serve as a lever and chisel, which is a metal tool. The mass which gives a better more effective strikes and the mini-hacksaw will be used for work adjustment. The masonry cement, and expanding foam plugs to seal and stability of the window and the drill are very convenient especially if it is a drill driver. It is also important to have a spirit level to work and one which is always useful cutteur.

The placement of a window is also a result of some preliminary steps. But first we must define the model to install because there are many to be the type leaf fixed structures to external or internal opening, the doors or tilt and swivel rocker not to mention the sliding window or skylight model. The type is the sole responsibility of the owner according to his needs and wishes. Once the model is defined, it should do the following: to the measurement of the opening for the manufacture of a suitable window in the space provided for it. Subsequently, there is the stage of acquisition of the window and the preparation of masonry, and only after that is the actual installation and finishing that completes the installation.

The steps of the installation

Before performing any task, you must first make the measurement for both the length for the height. This is a crucial step because it is these measures that will depend on the frame size that will support the window and then opening. After this step, it is possible to proceed with the installation of the frame after performing the steps. These include the introduction of wall anchors along a 60 cm spacing between each exposure and land use table must always be followed by a verification. For quality work, it must be very perpendicular and otherwise, it will hold the position of catching up.

Once these preparations made, it is possible to proceed to the installation of the window or door. To do this, proceed from the outside while placing the wall anchorsIt should be kept in place by pegs to cover the legs by the cement. Once the shell is complete, you can proceed to finish. This last step results in the placement of the finish coat for sealing.

After delivery of the store and check the status of the package, proceed to unpack. The use of sharp objects is not recommended in this case to avoid a deterioration of the fabric. Afterwards, be sure to read the instruction manual to ensure that the various items necessary for the development of the latter are already present. After all this, there will be the installation of these objects on the ground in front of the place of his future position.

The position of these objects must be centered. The case of awnings, it is a distance measured at 10cm arm on the insideIf it has a length exceeding 4 m, there must be intermediate fasteners at regular. Be aware that setting these facilities should be made primarily wall or slab with a less complex inversion.

The installation can not be successful without a distance of 22 cm between the place where you put the opening and above the opening. Prior to installation of this equipment must ensure that the location affects the device for opening or closing windows and the current state of the walls.

Preparation of media

There are two choices to set up the blinds:

- Establish a direct them on opening the window

- the install on the wall or on top of the window frame

In the first case, to avoid the beating of them when the windows open and close, we need a bottom bracket or a guiding device attached to bottom side.

In the second case, one must take into account the decrease of the blind area in case of withdrawal. This system allows a full coating of carpentry.

The phase of the installation

An awning can be effective without a precisely centered position. Media, they must be set up on the principal amountWe must get help from another person to carry out this operation.

Here are some milestones of work:

- Nesting in the square tube posts

- Installation and clamping pins in them

- Conduct of the canvas with a crank

If it is a traditional window or door window, you must ensure that it does not reach the store in case of withdrawal. It is therefore necessary to establish it in a high location in order not to compromise the opening and closing windows. We must therefore measure the distance prior to the installation of the facility.

To build his loft, it is necessary that this room or extra space may not be sufficient by having a level of at least 2.20 m below the ceiling and a higher level of 1.80 m or more. The size of the slab should be added for a total height of 4.20 m. In the case where space does not have these dimensions, we must abandon the project or the continued but ensuring that this development is sufficient to accommodate the prospective occupants.

Although there is sufficient space, the work can be carried out if they are not adapted to the existing framework. The best way is to have the original plan to build housing in order to properly consider the work.

If the project relates to a mezzanine built between two exterior walls, installing a metal pole used as a flexible beam in the wall on each side is recommended. If it is established in a corner, the installation of a pole to serve as support is required. But, in addition to a post, it is essential to properly ensure that the framework supports.

The study of weight and the stairs to ask

There are many systems that can be used for the construction of a new floor. But first, we must assess the weight that can be supported by the framework that is in the house. The materials are intended to build must agree as to the requirements of the frame in question. Thus, they must have a weight that is appropriate for the latter. The materials most suitable in this respect are prefabricated wood panels.

After that, it is necessary to conduct studies for the device access to the mezzanine. There should be a staircase that does not occupy large space, but that includes security features required as the rail. Thus, there will be no danger to those who will occupy the extra space or room.

According to its location and budget, the owner can choose the stairs that suits him best, and even adjust the bottom of it for storage.

Other contingencies and recommendations

Sometimes, there are living rooms which include a surplus of space including important high. You can use them to build a mezzanine, if necessary.

The possibilities are numerous and they depend on the height of ceilings in kitchen, bathroom, etc. But to ensure the possibility of construction, it is best to call on experts in the field.

This advice is mainly for areas that are frequently attacked by lightning on a summer day. To do this, install a lightning rod. This will allow us to safely remove the lightning currents in the ground clearance.

This will reduce the risk of fireThe lightning rod is available in four types: simple lightning rod, mesh cage, with tense and son with triggering.

As its name suggests, the first model consists of a thin metal having 2 to 8 m highIt is installed on the roof and connected to a conductor and a grounding. The second type, it includes a mesh roof and facade rounding the home to protect.

The son strained to lightning is based on the principle of the preceding except that the mesh is at a distance further away from the house to protect. This system is mainly used in open areas with no architectural support.

The latest model is a facility to give birth via an artificially ionization system an upward more advanced than other types of ascending.

Protecting your home against power surges

Protective devices of a home against power surges can be categorized into primary and secondary protection. In the first case, you must install a device to prevent power surges at the input of the power systems, telephones and other cable housing. Thus, there will be no problem associated with a large surge in the latterAfter installation, the entry of lightning currents and residual currents in the protected networks will be preventedIts protection extends to a radius of 1.5 km when there is lightning may affect the supply network telephone and electrical.

As part of a secondary protection, it will be a surge strip made at point of use that will serve as the protective device for electrical, telephone and coaxial. This device is doubly advantageous because it allows both a protection against external surges as internal overvoltage.

How to avoid a surge in the terminal equipment?

The terminal device is the element the most mattering in the electricity supply of the house. It is thus necessary to protect it to avoid a surge and obviously the destruction of vulnerable equipments as the television and the computer. 

Numerous accessories allow to avoid cases of this kind. There is in particular the limiteurs of surge of the main panels of service which allow to have an optimal protection if there are electric disturbances coming from the distribution of the electricity. They are then attached to the wall grips near the equipments which they protect.

There are various types of valves for the shower and / or tub on the marketIn general, their difference can be detected by a pellet or any bookmark. Often, the handles are distinguished by their color: one colored blue on the left to indicate cold water and another to the right to hot water. Equipment of this type is called mixerThis facility is especially popular in areas with harsh winters.

Some types of valves have a valve head that is used for opening and closing with a joint. It is advisable to change each year to prevent leaks. But compared to those hard-headed, these facilities are less resistant and wear can be achieved in a short period of use. This reflects the fact that their opening is made in just one turn up. But the disadvantage lies in the fact that there is no possibility to repair the disk if a leakIt is then necessary to buy another.

Faucets mixers are also available on the market. By using only one command sets both the rate that the temperature of the water. Some of them have a ring scald with the objective of limiting the opening of hot water while ensuring the limitation of energy consumption.

The models are the most innovative ones thermostatic mixing valves and mixers infrared.

Prerequisites for the installation of this equipment

Here are some steps to take before installing a faucet wall:

- Cutting the water via a tap-off or other means

- opening it to the pressure drop in pipes and closed after it is no flow of water

- Capping of the shower or sink to that there is no rejection of such one in the pipeline

- taking steps to make the installation of pipes including measures of seals and those of the two water inlets

The stage of the installation

The right time to install a faucet wall is the renovation of the room where he must be such as bathroom, kitchen, etc. Sealing two pipes are required for its assembly, the first for hot water and one for cold water. Each of these pipes is used at the end of a pipe and is pushed to the wallIt was after that there will be the installation of this equipment which is adapted so that is the same regardless of the location of the installation.

For the installation is horizontal, it must conduct a small test with a spirit level.

A patio can be defined as an assembly floor for relaxing moments and especially to put plants and shrubsIt can be attached directly to the house or installed in the courtyardIt is coated exterior wood. An owner who proposes to establish a patio door at home must ensure that there is opportunity to access it via. This facility is built on cement blocks for the maintenance of the poles in place.

This should include plants and shrubs that are suitable for the location of the dwelling. The following plants are the most recommended: the hardy plants and shrubs and plants of the season to an atmosphere suitable for every season.

In selecting plants, here are the most useful criteria:

- Low development

- Slow growth

- Color and shape of the leaves

- The period of bloom and color

- The port

After that, we must think of making any necessary maintenance such as watering, repotting plants too cramped and the control and protection against diseases and pests. Execution of works.

The first phase of work is laying the plank seat. But before that, we need to measure carefully the final height of the installation in order to have a level appropriate to the release of housing. There is a need for a consistent setting of 2 x 8 for more support provided for this equipment. Then you have to climb between the beam seat and post the first outer beam and not very far, in addition to housing, the first external beam.

In general, the patio is directly linked to the house will be his support. The side opposite him will be determined by the legs. If there is need for setting poles, holes must be about thirty inches and use of concrete or rock residue. After implantation of the posts, proceed to the assembly of the floor structure.

Recommendations related to the construction of a patio

During construction, it is necessary that the patio has no visible screws. Thus, there is less penetration of water and this will provide a high resistance to flaking and a more attractive appearance. Also, there must be an angle to the ground water discharge farther from the house to protect against piles of water in the vicinity of this development.

For the same purpose, the installation of concrete slabs may also be necessary for proper cleanliness of the place and also to store power tools.

Wood is historically the first material that was used for the construction of the windows of a building for private use. But there was a time when its sale was very low because of a low cost considered affordable by consumers.

Fortunately, he returned with increasing velocity and a lower price to better serve the global needs of reducing the emission of greenhouse. This is scrub by its warmth and nobility because of its characteristic of insulation and its contribution to the aesthetic side of the house. But its price is still the highest on the market.

The wood comes in many types and forms on the market. It is the owner to choose the one that best meets their expectations. In addition to the advantages just mentioned, this material also has the advantage of its convenience to the large windows via the technique of laminated.

But it also has some disadvantages:

- The need for frequent maintenance

- design longer duration up to 2 months

PVC

PVC is the top ranking of the materials most used in the construction of windows with more than half the market. The polyvinyl chloride, is suitable for homes with normalIn addition, its price is relatively low for a more optimal performance in thermal, acoustic and Sustainability. With this, there is no need to conduct frequent interviews. But the aesthetic side, it is less presentable from the wood. Moreover, it is not greener and that it is not suitable for large format.

In addition, it should be noted that in some areas, the use of PVC is limited. We must therefore be well informed before making their purchases.

Aluminum

Aluminum has landed in the market for building material as a window period still newIt is now increasingly popular with audiences in search of contemporary design. A window has an aluminum device thermal break to defend themselves against condensation and runoff water.

The benefits that are associated with its use are more numerous than those mentioned above. Indeed, it is among others with good insulation, adaptability to a large format, non-frequent maintenance required, tenacity and a guaranteed supply excellent environmentalIt has the main drawback is its price more expensive than the PVC.

It is recommended to be careful when purchasing this material because there are vendors that sell systems without a thermal break.

This step is optional, and various types of materials used to achieve it well, but the wood is the most recommended. For this, the operation requires a prior measure the precise distance to be covered, including that of the walls where the molding will be installed. Otherwise, there must be a plane of the door on which this accent will be placed. We must also remember to buy fuel wood to make the installation. Pine fiber is a good choice.

Regulations for the construction of constraints do not refer to the installation of the molding. Many people could realize this step or burn their choice.

The moldings are items that are available on the market. They are available per meter by traders with knowledge in this area. According to his choice or availability, the owner can choose between wood composite and non composite wood.

Mounting the frame

The installation of a door frame is done in many stages. Indeed, we must first explain it in his paper and mark available gonsIt is possible in this stage to consider the installation of the latch lock and perform the installation after installing it.

In order to maintain at all during the assembly of the frame, there should be extra long to place a cross-keeping all. Prior to final drying, check the squareness of everything and then leave to dry. During these steps just mentioned, the elements that are still on the ground to mount a blankIn the next step, you must paste the crosses on the amounts, the blades and the bearing surface of the miter.

If it is a frame window must be highlighted with everything with nails or with screwsBut for some more toughness, the use of screws is recommended.

The installation of the door frame

The installation of the door frame requires the use of the following:

- Wood screws with 2 to 3 inches

- Nails with 1 to 2 inches

- Cales shingle

- Screwdriver

- Box tab

- Hunting nail

- Hammer

- Drill

After positioning the frame, it must make its determination. To do so, following the recutting of the extra length, you have to put wood shims in the spaces provided for screwing it to the wallIf there are hollow places between it and the door, we have to apply the coating or the polyurethane foam.

Some types of staircases allow occupants of a dwelling to have an extra space used for storage. This space can also be used to develop an office area or alcove. Thus, the development is only possible for a straight staircase and turning. The operation is not suitable for other categories such as spiral as it leaves a very small space that can not be arranged to destinations above.

However, it is useful to remember that it is not only the sub-steps that can be used for storage. There are steps and risers for multi called "movable staircase". This concept is based on a model from Japan.

There are many things to consider regarding the use of the bottom of this equipment for storage and fixtures. This is the case of space dimension. Exploitable depth measuring between 70 and 80 m is required for adequate storage space.

For the arrangement to be preferred a straight staircase instead of the rotating model, lighting more suited to the location and unit colorsMaterials suitable for an ornament are also recommended.

What materials and tools used for development?

The development of a sub-steps do not require many materials and tools. They are, in general, the elements used in the context of the woodwork. These include, among other measurement tools such as square and the rule of one meter, the screwdriver, the cutter, pencil, and clamp the iron.

Materials that are most useful are:

- The laminates CTBH

- The bracket assembly

- The plate having a thickness of 5 mm for a coating of Assembled

- The ornamental moldings having a width of 26 mm dishes of interior finishes

- tiles using plastic facade

The development phase itself

Before carrying out the development, it is always advisable to establish a plan on paper. This will help to facilitate the assembly and installation of various pieces. Then who is tracing templates for cutting the slope of stairs in a box. Tracing lines on the boards with cardboard and the establishment of a roll of tape on the lines to prevent the outbreak of the laminate during cutting are to be made after that.

The next step is the rate in which there are cutting boards at a rate lowerTo adjust, use a jigsaw and a bracket fixed with clamps

The last three phases are:

- Drilling with screws

- The assembly of the coasts and shelves ends

- The finishing in which there is the installation of wheels and handle storage space

For choosing a floor, consider different pointsIt is first necessary to know the price on the market, why. But beware, a reduced price sometimes means being questionable quality. Here's a tip: the rule in housing is that a prosecutor to be good quality, has a real wood top layer of about 2.5 mmIf it measures only 2 mm, it will look in another place even if the price seems more interesting.

In addition to the measurement, it is also necessary to choose between aesthetics and practicality of it. We must ask the right questions about availability for the maintenance of thatIf availability is low, a vitreous coating is a good choice compared to wood. But if not and aesthetic needs, any wood flooring can be chosen: Bamboo, Padauk, chain, etc.

It is also necessary for the selection, ask questions on the part of the house where the coating will be put in place. There must be a difference whether the part is busy or not. Thus, there will be a convenience on the toughness of the coating to the part in question.

If it is a party to low attendance, the choice of softwood and semi-hard with a thickness between 2.5 to 3.2 mm may be sufficient. This applies to rooms and corridors with no direct contact with the outside. The same timber can be used also in the parties dating medium but with a thickness greater than the previous. Stays without direct links to the outside and the lobby of an apartment are covered by this.

For rooms opening directly to outside parties in attendance and very important, it is of wood and semi-hard disk with a thickness ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 mm.

This is the most suitable

Here are the most important criteria to consider for laying parquet:

• The category of coating: choice of laminated and solid wood
• Tenacity
• The type of installation can be nailed or floating position casting boards
• Brightness
• The color of this piece last appearance of the furniture.

Regarding the type of coating is bonded to the type that is most used in French territory. More than two thirds of the demand for this model. The importance of the large number of the application lies in the adaptability to the majority of new constructionIn addition, choosing a hardwood floor can customize the cover of the soil by opting for less common materials that could give more aesthetic to the interior of the house.

The federation estimated at 9.5% in nominal terms and 6.5% in real growth in sales last year, which has regained its pre-crisis level of 2008, according to a statement.

The business has benefited in particular from a winter 2011 and an exceptionally smooth "unexpected renaissance of residential real estate".

Building on the good economic situation and willing to invest in stone rather than in financial markets in turmoil, the Germans started mass buying homes, reviving a moribund market for years.

"People are afraid of inflation, which pushes them towards real estate," said the federation president Thomas Bauer, at a press conference.

The number of building permits in the big cities (Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Munich), for example, jumped 40% yoy in the first ten months of last year.

The phenomenon "is not that German investors, everything suggests that investors in Southern Europe, who fear a collapse of the euro area, have rediscovered the German real estate," comments the Federation.

The increase in turnover in 2011 was the largest increase since 1994, said the federation, adding that "despite these positive results for 2011, the industry can not ignore the economic risks have increased significantly in 2012".

"Approximately one in three companies expected in December to a deterioration of its business in the first half of 2012," said the federationHowever, it states that the percentage of pessimists has declined steadily since September.

It therefore expects no "dramatic collapse" in activity in 2012, and believes that the activities of housing and construction companies will offset the expected decline in public works projects, inevitable in these times of fiscal restraint.

This year, the German construction industry expects an increase of 2.5% in nominal value of its turnover, and 1% in real.

Faced with the expected decline in public investment in infrastructure, MBauer called for "better link funding to use", that is to say, to involve users, such as via tolls for passenger cars on motorways, which so far remains taboo Germany.

Solar cooling systems includes many in the field with the ability to keep good ventilation in the home with solar energy. The 3 following systems are now commonly used: photovoltaics, solar thermal and solar heating.

As part of the thermal conditioning, it will always be a conventional air conditioner will be running but it is a solar electricity that will put it into operation.

There are three different mechanisms of solar thermal utilization in this area:

- Use of energy to supply a machine coldIn this case, we speak of sorption

- Use of energy to supply a technical air conditioning via the mechanism of evaporation or December

- Conversion of the captured energy into mechanical energy associated with compression equipment

In connection with the use of solar heating, the sun's radiation will be converted into heat helping to warm the air in the house during the winter days.

Another system is also beginning to be used today in the matter: it is the one by thermal vortex. It is based on the establishment of a stove pipe painted black and a substantial length lying between 6 and 8m. So this pipe is to heat the air through a suction reaction. After application of technical wing, the air will take the form of a vortex. At the end, there will be a pipe that will be used to recover the fresh air at the middle of the vortex.

Use of solar energy in the future

Today, many phenomena demonstrate the evils of the use of electricity on the environment. Global warming is timely because of the daily release of refrigerants into the atmosphere, gases with greenhouse effect more severe and that enhance the expansion of gas. The conventional air conditioning system is a device that increases the global warming. The Agency for Environment and Energy Management ADEME and has made suggestions in this regard: the air-conditioning of buildings supported by the Solar.

This means that we must reduce the use of fossil fuels in relation to this system. This reduction should be done gradually by mixing the prior use of solar and ordinary. The utilization of this energy is provided for 100% in the coming years. It is true that the percentage of French provision of solar cooling is still low but significant growth has been used in recent yearsIn addition, the government and many nongovernmental organizations encourage the use of such a facility by granting them financial support and materials.

The sun brings heat but not cool. The adoption as a source of freshness during the hot weather seems unlikely. However, it is not impossible and in case of misunderstanding or doubt, we must refer to the sensation on contact with light. The latter, after evaporation and will disappear after that, there will be a cold feeling to the place where it was. This principle is also based on the solar cooling system. The latter is acquired after heating with an absorption of a solution of water and a lithium bromide. After heating, the liquid will bring the cold due to a chemical evaporation.

Solar energy used in this system is obtained via solar panels on the roof resting on empty housing. As in the traditional method, after the pre-described chemical reaction, there will be air distribution obtained via a device for this purpose. Note that prior to evaporation, the two components of the reaction dissociate by a mechanism of boiling.

However, it is not only an absorption chiller that can be used to produce fresh via solar energy. There are also machines that use adsorption is still insignificant compared to the first. But experts in the field see it as a better future for this type of equipment. This machine can also be cold water will be carried out either in an air handling unit or in a network of decentralized devices eauapprovisionnant.

Another technique is, it answers the call for cooling or drying by evaporationIn this mechanism, there is in direct contact of water and air cooled. The reaction is obtained increases moisture and subtracts the ambient temperature.

The benefits of solar cooling

The many benefits can be obtained due to the use of solar cooling mode regardless of the method appliedIndeed, it gives the opportunity to benefit from renewable energy without having to spend a lot. In addition, the air is obtained from it is pure and so there is risk of harm to the environment as is the case in conventional systems. With this, there is less increase in gas emission into the atmosphere.

In addition, the device can enjoy mild temperatures during the days when the outside temperature is higherIn addition, the facility has an amortization period longer unlike ordinary facilities. But because of these advantages and its availability is still low in the market, its price is still high.

"Climaverna" is a concept created by environmental conditioning Christophe Verna, allowing the use of force generated by the movement of a vehicle suspensions

This force is the only one can get on a moving vehicle

One of the anchors will be installed to the chassis of the car, train, truck or other vehicle, the other mobile system of suspension of the front or rear of the vehicle, truck (A)

A double-acting piston, equipped with check valves and can be used for refrigerant compressor, air compressor, hydraulic fluids, vacuum pump, and other forces relevant to the vehicle

The system can consist of modules that will serve as pneumatic suspension system / the train / s before and / or back, fulfilling two functions in one device (B)

One can easily imagine a version for the home with a windmill or for those who can with a millMore via the inventor on his website: climaverna

December 21, the main professional organizations in the building had announced at least 35000 job cuts (including lesintérimaires) for the entire sector in 2012.

Furthermore the transition from 5.5% to 7% VAT for renovation-maintenance since December 20, the area should be affected by higher taxes on capital gains and rental of second homes and by striking out the loan (PTZ) for the old housing.

For 2011, the handicrafts sector of the building, which employs nearly one million of assets in 360000 companies with fewer than 20 employees, is expected to reach, thanks to good weather in the last quarter, an increase of activity of about 2.2% over 2010.

The Capeb, considering that even in October 2011, the best growth of 1.0% in 2012, will present its detailed forecasts of business on January 11 M Liébus especially feared the establishment of a social VAT which could lead to a further increase in the reduced VAT rate.

"The establishment of this new rate of 7% is complicated, because clients do not accept it," the president of the Capeb.

The Capeb is nevertheless relieved by the fact that the work in the homes of more than two years to the specifications agreed to by both parties and has been a deposit received before December 20, 2011, are stated at 5.5%, although the work began in 2012. The government had initially considered a retrospective application to November 15.

"That's why we lend them money, they are ready to very good conditions and that they guarantee it for several years," he added.

MWalnut was referring to the exceptional measures implemented by the European Central Bank (ECB), which lends at a fixed rate, unlimited amount, one day, one week, one month, three months, six months, one year and three years.

The governor wants the French banks' move, they are active, they are really aggressive in lending both to businesses and individuals ".

The latest indicators published by the Bank of France show that credit continues to grow, but their rate of increase tends to be slow, especially with regard to business.

"The total number of transactions in the former expected to fall to 600000 in 2012, down nearly 15% compared to 2011, "said Laurent Vimont, president of Century 21 network, an estimate which is also that of Philippe Buyens, Network Director Guy Hiccups.

For François Gagnon, president of the branch network Era France, "many financial institutions have anticipated a price decline of 5% to 9% in 2012 with a simultaneous decrease of 8% of sales".

The President of the National Federation of Real Estate (Fnaim), René Pallincourt, fears for his part a sharper decrease of transactions mainly because "the removal of zero-interest loans for purchases in the old and the increase of taxation for capital gains on rental and second homes ".

This should have an impact on the employment of 30000 agencies, a doubling in 10 years, who in recent years spread to the Hexagon after the "boom" prices in the former (125% only for apartments between 2000 and 2011).

"In case of loss of triple-A by France, the interest rate on home loans may go up sharply," said M Vimont, which also concerned a "wait-and-found before each presidential election".

French banks are already "in the process of strengthening their supply of credit," said M Gagnon.

Interest rates on mortgages have averaged 3.93% in December 2011, up sharply from their historic low (3.22% on average) reached in November 2010, according to a study Observatory Housing Credit / CSA"Paris, gold bar of stone".

"But the pressure of demand due to the shortage of housing" should, according to M Pallincourt, preventing a sharp drop in prices.

MVimont table even on "an increase of 2% to 3% for the year 2012, demand is supported by those who can buy, especially in Paris became the gold bar of stone".

"These are mostly the owners, taking advantage of the gain realized on the sale of their previous property, and those belonging to the wealthier classes who can buy," said the president of Century 21.

The share of acquisitions made in respect of rental investment, an increase of 26% between the first and second half, now account for 20% of total sales, confirming that the French consider real estate as a safe haven rather than shares of companies in freefall.

Prices of old apartments in Paris peaked this summer, 835O euros/m2 on average, 835000 to 100 m2, after a surge of 21.3% increase in one year, according to lawyers.

Over the whole of France, prices in the former increased in 2011 compared to 2010 to 5.96% according to Century 21 (to 2Euros/m2 665 on average), a record, and 7.3% for Fnaim, well above inflation (2.5%).

But "for the first time since the end of the 2008 crisis, the housing market stalled," said M Vimont.

And prices were down 2.23% from the second half and first half 2011 for Century 21 and remained stable for Fnaim, thus ruling they believe the risk of creating a "bubble".

By Christian CHARCOSSEY

Depending on the availability of space to operate and the financial aspect, the client can choose between different types of air conditioning. These include the one-piece, mobile split and split system.

The first is a device with a single unitIt adapts especially to small spaces and comes in three variants:

- Fixed Versions

- Mobile version

- Windows version is a type of both piece and movable

According to his needs and circumstances, a person may use a room to another without having to install a complex. You just pass out through the crack of a window or a small hole in the wall sheath measuring 10 cm. But be aware that this equipment has mainly the objective to provide a warm temperature in the room where it is placed during the summer days. Thus, individuals who want a cheaper air can opt for the one-piece.

The Mobile Split, it has a higher power than the previousThe facility has two robust versions including:

- Version split with only a single unit on the outside and inside

- Revision multi split with a unit on the outside and many others inside for the various parts of the house

Like the previous equipment, the Mobile laptop but is also split into two parts and two wells. One of these chambers is located inside and one outside. Pipes will be their connecting device. Despite this mobility, the movement is more complex than in the case of a piece because of the existence of parties and chambers above. Its cost is more than the previous equipment.

In a split system, there are two units, one in charge of introducing cold air or hot, the other on the outside that can be fixed either on the ground or on the wall of the facade or on a balcony or terrace. The link is in this type of equipment provided by an electric wire and 2 tubes refrigerated in small size. This is the most effective of the three but also the most difficult to install. In addition, its price is higher than the previous equipment.

The location for installation

The location for the installation of the device depends on the type chosen and also on the availability of space in the house: front, balcony, etc.In general, cooling is applied against the wall. In this case, we talk about wall air conditioner.

But other choices are presented to the owner of the dwelling. There is for example the air conditioner duct installed in ceiling or a ceiling, the air conditioner console that is attached to the ground and the air conditioner fan coil. The latter can be installed anywhere in the house suitable for this purpose.

The law provides that all kinds of repairs can be made freely if they are allowed or if they do nothing to disturb the principle of good neighborliness. Penalties shall be imposed in cases of so especially if the work and installations concerned have caused an impact on the common. If it is an installation of air conditioner that does not hit the legal and regulatory co-ownership, express authorization is not necessary. It is the same if it does not require work on public areas.

According to the law of July 10, 1965, in Article 25, if the work affects public areas must be authorized by a majority vote of all owners. But they also have another option: the choice of techniques of light installations do not require significant work. This solution is called "Splits" by the current languageIn the vote, there is no obligation presentation or representation for each co-owner.

Under the provisions of the Town Planning Code, in Article L421-1, a building permit is required to bring a change in operations outside of existing structuresArticle R 422-2 of the code suggests that there will not need a permit to work does not change the destination to the buildingIn this case, a prior declaration is sufficient to start operations.

Thus, the installation of an air conditioning system, regardless of type, on the facades of a structure causes no change in appearance. It takes only a statement of work.

Provisions for its implementation

Before the establishment of an air conditioning system must be evaluated thermal. It is necessary to be aware of existing refrigeration loads as sunlight, air renewal, transfer through the walls, lighting. This also applies to household appliances and appliances and the occupants of the dwelling.

Following this assessment, we must choose the system and method of conditioning to be installed, multi-split or split simple. For the equipment is more adaptable to the work, you must have an idea of ​​the appearance of internal air conditioning units. So, take good care of installing the outdoor unitIf the latter is for a private residence, you must ensure that the device does not generate noise that can cause trouble in relation to the neighborhood. Thus, there will be no risk of inducing court or from the neighbors in question, because induction can lead to the removal of this device.

Other criteria such as prevailing winds and the shadows are to consider when installing the equipment. So while it is possible to self-relocation, it is always advisable to seek professional intervention. Thus, there is no risk of leakage and short circuit.

A person who wants to have the pleasant warmth in the house throughout the year may use conventional systems such as the Canadian well. This technique is based on pipe buried in the ground which serves as a conduit of some fresh air renewal before it enters the house. The burial of the pipes is between one to two meters deepIndeed, there is a slight variation in the depth of heat.

So there is heat in the house slightly higher or lower than normal in the external. This device adapts to new construction primarily because, in a house already high, it can cause destruction of part of it.

The system implemented in the Vosges since 2004 on the air stream is also known for its effectivenessIn this technique, they are sluices in the facades that regulate the entry and exit of air. This system is primarily intended for community housing.

In addition, the technique of geothermal energy is one of the most used and most recently at the. It involves the use of a heat pump for storing water, air or soil as a source of energy for air conditioning. This is a very advantageous compared to the previous because it can be installed even in a home already builtIn addition, it meets the environmental requirements of our day.

Various factors affecting the air of a dwelling

There is also a supply of air from the location and cooling a home. On the topography, if the construction project is planned in a geographic area warm for better ventilation, it is best to provide, as place of establishment, a slope. And with a location in this way, a semi-underground house will be more pleasant because in parts of the basement, there will be a cooler temperature during the summer.

An orientation to the south is suitable for construction in French territory. This is the main facade, which determines the orientation.

The architecture provides, in addition, much of the variation of the temperature of a home. Therefore, manufacturers ensure that new buildings fit in the area of ​​the site to each contract executed.

On the plan, it is better to choose a house opening on two different fronts. Thus, there will be more ventilation and a milder temperature both during the summer than in winter. For a house with a large glass surface or in small numbers, this system is not always advisable. To avoid any inconvenience that may arise, it is best to hire a specialist in the field.

The plaster facade is one of the finishing of a houseIt should be mentioned in the building permit, in the section on the installation of coated. If it is a renovation and should be sent to the municipal authority's statement of work concerning this aspect. In the case of a rendering of a house for a building located near a historic site or a conventional, authorization from the architects of the buildings in France is required.

For a house condominiums, restrictions may be applied.

As part of a facade cleaning, leave the town hall may also be required according to local regulations in this area. If after receipt of the authorization, there is a delay in the commencement of work, there will be a number of sanctions. These include the payment of fines and payment of the invoice of the work that the local authority will have carried out without the consent of the will of the person.

However, before beginning the work of plaster, scaffolding must be raised and possibly ensure the downstream neighbors if the operations can interfere. 

Ornamental plastering purposes

The plaster ornamental facade is the most widely used by manufacturers is the Tyrolean plaster for. According to his aspirations, the client may require a color. This option can be purchased in liquid or ready-made. In order to obtain a plaster 4mm, there must be two passes.

The use of the index is essential for the resolution of the thickness of the projections. The plaster requires a light sanding of the facade to which it applies or an application of pre-coated with, as the main material, waterproof cement.

There must be a device to hide the parts to which the client does not want to apply plaster. Whatever the coating with which the finishing operation is made, the following steps are necessary:

- Painting fixative

- Underlay

- Plaster

After these steps there will be the finish coat.

Plastering security purposes: the choice

The plaster is not only used in a decorative purpose, it is also necessary to treat the imperfections and especially to protect the home against weather and seasonal changes. But this is not just any plaster that is effective. The choice should be based on two criteria that the state of the front housing and the geographical area where it is.

A facade that still retains its initial state, an acrylic plaster enough. He is reputed to be durable and economical. For another found in wet areas, which is porous and damaged, it must pliolite plaster, a product that is as strong and the rain washes independently. If the wall has cracks, the elastic plaster is adequate.

The plaster siloxane, it is primarily intended for a geographic area where the climate can reach extreme heat.

The brick houses are those most in need of a foam due to their porous surface. This keeps the dirt often generates the existence of lichens and mosses. There is also the case with greenish traces that can be seen on the facade of brick and losses that come from in the gutters. Hence the need to frequently clean this part of the dwelling.

There are many systems associated with a brick facade cleaning. But with these tools, the operation is more efficient:

- Brush

- An iron joint

- Sprayer

- A high pressure cleaner

- tarpaulins

- A roll

- Scales

This is the traditional technique, which employs mostly above tools. Another system may also be selected: spraying with high pressure rinse. This requires the use in large quantities of bleachIt is easily accessible because of its affordable. It can be used not only to clean the front and kill moss in it but also for washing all parts of the house.

In the first system as in the other, using a brush is always recommended. After applying the bleach, wait 15 days to conduct the flushing. If there is rain, it helps promote the activation of the product that is applied to that part of the house.

The use of chemicals should not be dismissed but always check its adaptability to the characteristics of the façade in questionIf it is dirty, there must be a high-pressure cleaning with water.

How to make cleaner facade?

In a technique of cleaning with bleach, use of a spray pressure is mandatory. Because of the effect of harmful chemical product to them, plants located near the dwelling shall be equipped with a suitable protective.

In case it is necessary to repaint the front, we have to apply a higher dose of bleach. Thus, the product will do in-depth.

Furthermore, care must be taken to a cleaning pressure, because if the pressure is too high, there is risk of damage to plaster or increase of microcracks. If after these operations, there are still persistent mosses and lichens, an anti-foam will do.

The chemicals of this type are found in large numbers on the market. But when in doubt about their effectiveness, it is best to resort to professional help in this area.

This is a device to fight against the winds too aggressive and other climatic. Thus, his whole frame and structure has been designed to meet the quality.

One part of Provence is often likened to traditional and rustic. Hence, the dominant presence of the base material is wood. In general, it is beating and is in the form of panels. To close them, they must be downIt consists of double-layer. boards. They are subsequently placed horizontally against the conventional components.

To bring more and better aesthetics compliment, it can be painted. The colors most used are those that capture the attention, that is to say the hottest shades.

Moreover, in regard to this type of equipment, there are two types including:

- Full

- and the blind

Interest to opt for this type of equipment

This equipment is valued for its characteristic chemical resistant clothingIts performance is particularly in thermal and acoustic. With such materials, you have a nice home and where you can breathe fresh air. All thanks to the effectiveness of this model compared to the thermal insulation. Note that this statement does not apply to a blind component. Indeed, the insulation is not effective, but it is well adapted to withstand the air currents of the summer.

It is also a good way to adequately protect the windows of various weather.

The advantage of using this equipment is also at a lower cost. Indeed, it is available cheaply and adapted to the means of each individual.

The fact that it is easy to use is also a plus for itIt is not necessary to be a specialist for DIY use it wisely.

In addition, it is very environmentally friendly since it is made of all natural material and brings a unique style.

For added security with the flaps

The installation of blinds to meet a number of safety standards. If you want to fight effectively against possible break-ins, consider the index or index IRP Resistance to Pressure. The purpose is to verify that it is beyond 60. Obtaining such a result means that your equipment is performing. There is a maximum index that provides better securityIt is 150. It is well equipped with safety bars are arranged horizontally.

There are also those which consist of strip bars and lockIt is interesting to keep the shutter does not intertwined.

It is also important to respect the NF C 15-100 for models rolling. Indeed, they work with electricity.

If you want security prevails at home, avoid PVC blinds. They break easily and are open and a breeze.

There is talk of wrought iron when this metal is a pure state and with a low carbonIt is hard but can be extended. This allows it to be assembled with other raw materials needed to build.

This material offers a better design, it may retain traditional models but can also adopt those modern design of a staircase. This ensures a better finish for the latterIts appearance is sometimes rusty, patina or colored in. This ensures comfort and safety. You can use it as a principal as stairs and install both inside and outside.

Before designing a staircase, consider the different kinds that exist:

· The traditional running at half or quarter, make it possible to have more space in the room

· Those who are straight or miller's scales are especially suitable for frequent use

· The twist: their steps are set around a column, they also save space

The classical model is suitable for all domestic and less expensive than that made to measure. We must therefore take into account its financial.

Strengths and weaknesses of the iron staircase

Wrought iron can be incorporated into marble or glass. It is matched with cast iron balusters, railings wood or stone steps. It can also be used for the ramp, steps and risersIt is solid, while its price is affordable compared to those made of metal or stainless.

The iron staircase suitable for homes with a small space, the wooden or concrete indeed occupy more surfaceIt offers aesthetic to a room and a habitatIts fine structure and light fits well in and it is possible to choose between the styles of both creative and decorative. For different finishes, there is the antique type, raw, rusty, etc.It is sold with all the colors.

Despite these advantages, it also has some drawbacks. In general, the design of this model is expensiveIt may be rusty due to oxidation and moisture. This occurs most often when it is placed outside. Therefore, we must regularly submit to an anti-rust.

When one goes up or down, the steps can cause a noise resonance. This metal has, in fact, a conductive property. Consequently, it can be detrimental to the sound and heat insulation in a house.

The excavation is development of land for the construction of a subdivision, canals, housing or a houseIt can also be used to build roads or railways. It is the laborer who performs this task, he must dig, clear the land and ship.

This process is essential because these different types of work must be submitted to a strong foundationIt varies from one site to another because it depends on soil texture, its layout and buried surface of the building.

Compacted soil limits the cave walls, and that stands out most often in soil consists of alluvial. There is more risk for type uniform consists of a bench of rock in the vicinity of land. Thus, the foundation must be strengthened further.

What étapesà follow?

This technique is not to neglect the soil, it will be set aside as not to disturb the comings and goings and will be the relining work in the late. The volume of soil to be removed is the difference between the volume of housing and buried the volume of fill that is essential for the final appearance of the land.

When the amount of land to be withdrawn is greater than a few tens of m3, the evacuation will cost more and it is necessary to have a place to deposit. The price of transportation is the responsibility of the person who benefits from the backfill provided it has asked the.

It is advisable to carry out earthworks in the north during the winter when the ground is frozenIn other areas, it is more appropriate that this be done during the dry season when the soil is softened.

Must meet the navvy, seek information and to visit the place with him before the commencement of work. The road to access must also be arranged in advance. We must take into account the traffic areas and maneuvering for trucks and the same is true for those storage materials.

The backhoes or excavators are the mechanisms to prepare the ground. To do this, the laborer must:

- Remove the black topsoil

- Determine the path

- Dig the hole to the crawl space and channels for the foundation with frame construction

- Drill the trenches to serve as a channel for water, electricity lines and telephone servicing it

- provide the backfill around the house when the basement is prepared

- Remove the topsoil, it will be reused after completion of the work

- Proceed with backfill and compact the soil to get a good leveling

After the picket, proceed to excavations for the foundations and dig cellars and garages

Building a green home or green based on the principle of sustainable development. A habitat is defined as such when it was built with natural materials such as green and healthy untreated wood, brick clay, straw, etc. Thus, it excludes those who are not biodegradable and recyclable and those that can destroy the ozone layer.

It also has equipment that can save energy by accumulating and spreading it: this is called thermal inertia. They can also be an insulator that is indispensable for the evacuation of water vapor contained within. Brick uses such little energy for its design. Wood is commonly used to build cabins such as Swiss chalets or Savoy.

It can also be a supporting element and a frame of a houseIt is solid and stable course, but for it to be even more, it must be treated. Thus, it remains strong regardless of weather conditionsIt is mostly those outside who are protected against the wind, heat stroke, freezing rain or. Those inside and also outside must be protected against attacks by fungi.

The straw is mainly used for insulation of a house. On the plant, it is in the form of boots parallelepiped. For the walls to breathe and prevent moisture, they are covered with earth inside and a layer of soil with lime on the outside.

Green building is gaining ground among the French

More and more French people are aware of the goals and benefits of green building. Exhibitions that are conducted throughout the country attract many visitorsIn many parts of France, was extended the deadlines for the design of new homes. Thus, it can take up to 24 months. This is due to the lack of specialists in green building.

There are also rehabilitation works that reach up to 60% of the market. This requires staff to both large and skilled as they need to master the perfect eco-friendly materials. They should not use those industry to remain in the context of environmental protection.

The President of the Republic even advise to use more wood such as simplified. The goal is to multiply by 10 its use in the construction of home with this materialIn addition, it has many advantages and is easy to use thanks to its structure, it has an insulation value and costs less than other raw materials, etc.

The shell is the set of construction works for the loads that have been provided for this purpose. Of these, there are always those who like the same weight and gained loads and those passengers such as wind, weather or earthquake. These parameters can influence the strength of the wall poles, frames, ...

More specifically the building of a frame made by a manufacturer. The book is partly outside the infrastructure and those out of the ground is the superstructureIt is complementary to the second work, which includes the layout, partitions, equipment, insulation, coatings, chimneys, etc. Some people also include the roof structure to it.

Since the 17th century, French law encourages builders to secure for 10 years and homeowners to save. Coverage and external woodwork and ended up the board and ensuring its impermeability should also be protected.

Steps

It starts as soon as the foundation excavation. Those that are superficial and do not require specific techniques, wells, shoring is in place. To assign an appropriate form to a reinforced concrete structure, it takes forms in which the frames are placed before pouring concrete.

The drainage system has many components such as manifolds and manhole. Some companies only carry lines that are evacuated to 50 cm housing. At a higher extent possible in particular to access the public network is the responsibility of the owner.

Foundations supporting and providing the weight of the building are the foundation of the masonry. They are different models:

- Strip footing trenches for short extensions can be dug by hand or with a small backhoe. They are then filled with poured concrete without reinforcement, except for a less favorable soilIn this case, a reinforcement is necessary to consolidate the foundation

On this first foundation that are placed concrete blocks on which are placed the hourdages or structural elements of the building. The ventilated cavity is the area that is located under these different materials.

- The slab is poured directly on the ground but an impermeable film protects. This process is fast and avoids the digging of canals and shaping blocks. If the soil bearing capacity is questionable, simply thicken the paving and reinforced with a double reinforcement.

- Pile foundation is achieved when the double-thick slab reinforcement is insufficient. The steel piles are driven into the ground before pouring concrete columns. This technique is effective but is expensive.

During the 1980s, the lofts were popular type of accommodation. Conventional materials were costly and architects chose the decorative concrete colored wax for their land. These were used as an industrial flooring.

In the early 1990s, it was created in the workshop of Francesco Passanati. He intended to replace the marble with a gravel. So there was the first poured concrete floors and were subjected to grinding and then covered with a polishing paste. The chippings were then excluded, and this has allowed for a smoother surface. It is also a best alternative to smoothing by helicopter whose labor is expensive.

The weakness

The polished concrete is a living material, making it stable deserves special attention, it is the same for its implementationIt took a while to finally be highlighted, professionals who use it must have a skill and some experience.

That was in 2003 that French manufacturers have decided to design it and put it on the market. However, the appearance of cracks was noticed with this product and some manufacturers have not led to good results for their works.

The advantages

To expect a conclusive result, manufacturers have developed polished concrete slabs of different sizes: 50 x 50 cm and 100 x 100 cm. The objective is to maintain the same structure as the aesthetic slab casting and also a longer life. Like the tiles, it is easy to implement.

In some cases, it allows for an effect of perfect continuity as the joints are not necessary. It may seem that the parts become more spacious without being forced to remove a little more walls.

It can also work for interiors with a modern and attractive. This is a method of decorating easy to do and all the craftsmen in this area can adoptThe different types can also be represented in different colors.

The establishment of polished concrete in several support is quick and easy. This applies whether on the wall, floor and ceiling alsoIn general, the joints are no longer required.

It should be noted that it fits easily extended to cover all. Of these, there are cement, cement, wood, metal, plaster, tile, plastic, ceramic ornaments smooth as the tiles that are tight, etc.

"In general, it is as if the buyers had offset the rising price per m2 of land with an area lessIn the end, their average spending remains stable, "said the study published Thursday in the collection" numbers and statistics "of the General Commission on Sustainable Development (CGDD) of the Department.

In 2010, the sest m2 of land sold at an average price of 59 euros, or 4.3% more than in 2009The average size of land purchased fell by 3.8% from 1141 m2 in 2009 to 1098 m2 in 2010Finally, the total price of land is stable (+0.3% to nearly 65000 euros on average).

Per square meter had increased particulirement strong in rural areas (8.1%).

The price ranged from 41 euros/m2 for rural areas to 238 in the Paris euros/m2.

In 2010, the average price per m2 of land was greater than 100 euros/m2 in Ile-de-France (167 euro), Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (114 euros), Alsace (103 euros) and Languedoc-Roussillon (107 euros)By cons, it was less than 35 euros/m2 in Auvergne Basse-Normandie and Limousin.

Area and the prices of houses built are on average 131m2 at a cost of 136000 in 2010, a stable trend from 2009Nearly six in ten homes are built by a builder of houses.

The average total investment (land and house) lacquisition linked to a house when there was land purchase, is constant entre2009 and 2010 (0.4%). It represents an average of 194000 in 2010, a third for the landIn Paris area, however, it is close to half of the total budget.

It is a collection of steel reinforcement or that resist tensile concrete, and resistant to compressionIt is a mixture of aggregates, consisting of gravel, sand and crushed stone, cement and water. There are frames of longitudinal type that follows the longitudinal axis of a compartment and those type of cross that is placed along the axis perpendicular.

He manages to carry the compressive forces of 15 MPa and 60 MPa even, but less resistant to tractionIt is only 1/10th of its capacity that supports the compression. To compensate for this weakness, the parties subject to towing efforts are equipped with steel bars that support both the traction and pressure.

To do this, the steels are placed in key areas of this material consistent. For a reinforced concrete slab, they are set up at the media for the top and at the bays for those who are low.

It is necessary to make the right choice parts for reinforcements, their attachment and their arrangement in this material. This allows for a proper recovery is essential, because the fittings shall be protected against oxidation.

The beams used

The beams are protected by steel type main longitudinal. This is to recover the tensile decline following the. Add to this those type of transverse frames and brackets for the shearing forces.

The latter is a parameter that varies the space between the frames. For a high shear, they are compressed near the supports and when it is less, but rather in the middle of the rafters.

This equipment requires an investment and a commitment of adequate reinforcement reabsorbing the tensile. This prevents cracks and concrete failureIt is possible to notice cracks in 1/10mm, they are not harmful to the thickness.

The coating on the distance between the steel formwork and separations as well as that between the barsIt is 2.5 cm in safe locations exposed to storms and condensationIt is 3 cm in urban areas, 4-5 cm in areas near the sea. Thus, there must be a minimum dosage of 400 kg/m3.

There are frames for which the bottom fiber concrete has low tensile strength. When matched loads are increased, cracks appeared at 45 ° in the two areas of support. This proves the low resistance of the material in shear.

The appearance of the break will be delayed if transverse reinforcement is placed with the support. Like the longitudinal reinforcement, they preserve the crack opening.

This is an industrial product at a concrete plantIt is ready to use as the name suggests and a mixer truck with the book cost of the workshop where the work is taking place. He is ready to be used directly with the chute of the truck mixer or with a mat or a concrete pump.

Reinforced concrete

This is a assembling the composite mechanical properties of concrete and those of steel is an alloy of iron and carbon in a small proportion. To strengthen its tensile strength, it is necessary to add structural steel that is resistant to towing but also the pressure. This allows a better balance given the shortcomings of this material and prevents the opening of microcracks after traction.

It François Hennebique who invented reinforced concrete in 1866. It was the material used for the construction of the bridge Camille de Hogue Châtellerault 1899, is characterized by improved resistance to compression. However, this is not the case in front of the traction.

The prestressed concrete

It combines concrete and framing method called preload which was invented by E. Freyssinet in 1928The first is strong in compression but it is not the case vis-à-vis the traction, it cracks and breaksIt therefore only cover the frames but can not play roles in the strength. 

This technique allows to reach the steel, causing the material to be compactedIt promotes the strength of it, extends the reach of carrier materials and stabilizes the forces of external loads.

High performance concrete or HPC

Its lifetime is long, it is resistant to frost and compression and it reduces the amount to be used. Resistance as high as 50 MPa and 35 MPa against 30 for the traditionalIt requires only a small amount of water

It is also known for its fluidity due to superplasticizers. This ensures easy use and a more adequate absorptionIt is not necessary to do so stirring to obtain smooth surface.

The shotcrete

It is similar to the type usually has the same constituents as the latter but its uniqueness lies in its shaping. It is operated at high speed with compressed air and the objective is to avoid casting. It is the force of the impact on the surface is compressed and this also helps fight against shortening.

This technique is advantageous because the forms are no longer required. It only needs a unique range of support and it can also be implemented on rounded surfaces and discontinuous.

This material was already used in the past by the Romans and Egyptians. Roman architecture is marked by the album caementicium which is considered the ancestor of the latterIt consists of mortar and stone varieties. It has always been popular because it is solid and easy to use. It was combined with other materials such as brick and it has achieved great constructions that are specific to the Romans.

In 1956, John Smeaton discovered that limestone guarantee of connector comes from limestone and clay. Thus, the concrete began to experience a better reputation from the 19th centuryIn 1812, Louis Vicat, France was able to determine the characteristics of different cements based on their relative limestone / clay. Then, several scientists were keen to learn more about this material. Thus was born 1824 in Portland Cement.

Over the years, the industrial production of cement has grown considerably and has achieved many buildings. The church of St Jean de Montmartre in Paris is one of the first constructions made from these materials.

The composition

Concrete is composed of sand and gravel which are agglomerated by a binder, the mixture is the mortar. A hydraulic binder is a cement making taken following hydration. The chemical reaction taking granting of this material is slow. You can make this process faster, and also slow it down by adding adjuvants. Plasticizers enhance the fluidity of it, its installation and its resistance.

The composition is obtained as a result of a complex arrangement. It is important to determine the quantity of each component to achieve the mechanical properties as well as the development complies.This is called making.

There are several techniques to develop this material, they can be complex but are rigorousIn a study of the various constituents, requires experimental verificationIn addition to laboratory analysis must take into account real situations at the place where there will be construction.

In general, for a small yard, concrete is made up of 2 / 3 of large particles and 1 / 3 for those fine. This is 800 liters and 400 liters of gravel sand per m3 of concrete for 350 to 400 kg of cement.

The formulation must take into account the conditions attached to the NF EN 206-1. Of these, there is the environment where this material will be installed, the minimum amount of cement and the maximum moisture content allowed in the formula.

The rails are decorative elements appeal to your stairs. However, beware that security is not set aside. To do this, there are precautions and criteria to be considered. The height of these is such an important part in its realization. To ensure safety, they must be located 90 cm from the fly and 100 cm relative to the bearing.

The spaces between the bars must also be taken into account. They should not go beyond 11 cmIt is thus necessary to ensure not forget to check this dimension, especially if you have children. Indeed, a simple lack of awareness can cause incidents. As a result, bring the staircase railing is recommended if the elderly or toddlers live in your home.

What form to choose?

The choice of a ramp is a simple matter. Indeed, there are many criteria to be considered not to mention those on aesthetics.

The recommended way to facilitate the choice is first to note the different measures such as ratings. This is important since all the stairs are not the same but each has its special. Then it is a kind of feasibility study for the success of the installation of it.

Only after this step it will be possible to reflect on the forms of rails to choose. You can then opt for inclined ramps or other. What is certain is that they must be adapted to your type of staircase.

Depending on your needs and compliance techniques, you can opt for traditional railings. You can also guide your selection to those that are full. They allow to avoid any falls.

What materials to use for a successful installation?

It is not difficult to make that choice because there are a variety of materials as possible:

- Glass

- metal

- wood and

Just refer to its needs to select the one best suited to each. To bring out the elegant side and the beauty of your staircase, it is best to choose one material instead of mixing several. Indeed, the mixture may provide too much unnecessary detail.

Whatever your choice, you should always keep in mind the safety standardsWith a good catalog, please visit the manufacturers specialized in the field. They can advise you and so you can make custom railings. Choose the materials to make his own should therefore no longer pose a concern and that regardless of the type of staircase.

There are different kinds of air conditioners. To choose one for you, it is advisable to always refer to the characteristics of your windows and your real needs. The styles are additional elements in your choice.

If you want to cool several rooms at the same time, the split is what you needIndeed, they consist of several pipes to improve the thermal insulation effectively at different parts.

If this is the opposite effect you want, there are the Air-Conditioning Units. As their name hinted, they occur only at one piece. A pipe built into the wall captures heat in a room and then evacuated to the outside.

For even distribution of hot and cold air in the house, there is the revolutionary system that uses ducts. These are placed in the attic or false ceiling.

Finally, mobile air conditioners are also interesting. Their characteristics are their itinerant asset.

How to install?

Before installing the air conditioner, it is important to know the components of it. These elements are none other than:

- The compressor

- the interchange

- the pipe

Note that you typically 80 to 100 mm pipe to install. As it will go through your window, a mouth-type male is necessary.

You must then create a small passage at the window for easy electrical connection and removal of air through the pipe. Handle, latches and hinges are to be removed.

The next step is to place the platform support It will serve as a window sill and support the weight of the entire device.

Only after the unit is positioned and sealed with screws. Do not forget to consider the remaining open.

When the acrylic panel is in place, consider installing a clear sealer. This is a strong contributor to seal.

Advantage of using an air conditioner

With this device, the first advantage is to enjoy a more comfortable temperature during the summer. The insulation is then betterNo need to worry about countless techniques to get rid of unbearable heat in summer. Just resort to the use of this device.

The presence of this device at home or in an office reduces fatigue and laziness. With this instrument, so you feel more motivated and shaped.

The use of an air conditioner did not have a negative effect on electricity prices. The cost of the latter is also reasonable and scope of each.

This is a material used to make the cutIt is generally in the form of U. It can be made of plastic or wood. As a framework to achieve primarily involves cutting, it is the tool must be obtained first.

The miter box is popular because it is an accurate tool that makes it easier and frames.

There are different styles for this material. Indeed, there is one that is suitable for the manufacture of a single cash. This is a simple miter box.

There is also one that consists of several tabs electricIt allows a person who works in the production of cards to facilitate their tasks.

You can also opt for a miter saw with steel frame in case of manufacture of frame number. That, at least, a very practical material through the guides that are inside.

The importance of wooden slats and trim

The moldings are primarily indicated for the window decoration. To do this, they must be set in the frame and the frame using finishing nails 1 to 2 inches.

In general, the slats are 10 to 50 mm width and a thickness of 10 mm. You adapt, then, depending on the type of chart you have to frame. There are no real rules to follow, but everyone to use his imagination and customize the frame at will.

It is at least better to check around your table to facilitate the purchase of necessary moldings. Many are selling already-made moldings. But it is up to everyone to choose whether to build or buy in.

The battens and moldings are important elements that provide the aesthetic to your wooden frame.

Use glue to fix

After cutting and selection of moldings and slats, it is now possible to assemble the components to build your wooden frame. To do this, you need glueGive then an exposure time of several minutes to dry.

Once the set is stuck, take the pieces to get the coast clear for the desired section. This is done in the plane. The principle is the same for the cross and scrap wood as a protection framework.

Note that only the special glue for that matter is effective if you really want to succeed in your part. It is available on the market either by bottle or tube. Avoid especially to serve you schoolboy cellulosic adhesives for the assembly of your frame.

The wood has some nice features and a favorable construction on a limited area. A priori, it is a compact material due to its thickness. Indeed, if you use the wood to form the backbone of your home, you gain space.

However, these features do not apply to solid wood. They mainly affect the signs as:

- Solid laminated

- laminated

- chipboard

There are also structural panels that are recommended to constitute elements of ornaments. This is particularly true of the panels:

- Plywood

- fiber medium and high density

- to agglomerated particles

- in thin strips, oriented and time

In any case, the fact that wood is easy to work made him a particular matter in terms of building small community. There are different ways to use them for more free surface at home and to fight against any form of congestion.

Tips to optimize the surface

The walls have always made a good way to save space. But there is also the alternative of starting an action that aims to get rid of everything that occupies too much space. Often the fireplace takes up too much room for lack of architectural plan. It is possible to break down and rebuild in order to reduce the surface that it can capture.

Fear certainly not to remove anything that is cumbersome to give a new look to your homeIn most cases, there is placement of furniture and take up too much space. Make sure they are well suited for architectural styles so they do not seem to be superfluous in a room.

Having a limited area is not always a source of disorder. Have structured and well ventilated rooms based on the ability of each to modulate the space. It is best to focus on the wooden walls and sliding doors instead of conventional doors. The shelves are also very practical rather large cabinets.

Opt for custom development

It is now possible to make custom furnitureThis allows you to have more free space to move around in your home. They are numerous but it is up to each choose the one that she needs according to his needs:

- Sofa with drawers

- storage bench

- bed / desk

- coffee table folding

The list is not exhaustive but there are others. It is necessary here to customize their furniture.

Folding chairs and wall beds also allow you to have more space at home.

To install your windows, it is important to learn about your rights regarding the distances to meet. Be aware that non-compliance with regulations concerning the installation can cause harm in terms of justice.

We must, in this case, each view should know that the minimum distances not to violate. An oblique view window, for example, must be placed at 0.60 m from the neighboring property at least.

As for the openings to the right, it is strongly recommended to comply with the minimum distance of 1.90 m. This distance is taken from the foot of the wall where the opening will be installed to the boundary of the houses in the neighborhood. Only openings on the street do not need to comply with any standard.

Also be aware that a window should be placed at 2.60 m above the ground, the ground floor and first floor of 1.90 m.

Description of procedures for installing this device

As with any construction, the formalities are not the sameIn this case, the agreements to be taken depend on the type of project.

In case of change of window, a statement to be filed with the town hall and describing the type of work to be performed only. Note that this paper must be established administrative one month before the project.

Sometimes your site is part of so-called classified sitesIn this case, it is important to make requests at the Office of Historic Monuments. Only after obtaining permission you can go to the Planning.

If you, for against, among those who want to carry out new installations and giving a view of the neighborhood, there is a legal tangles. These easements toIs the set of regulations for separation distancesIn the event that there is talk of a condominium, you must check with the condominium.

Some points to remember

In a project to install open, servitude of view is important. As amicable agreement is quite possible, it is advisable to perform well. You should know that against the regulatory distances are only valid if you have a contract recognized by law.

In this type of project, no one is allowed to include an opening in a wall separating. Even if it is attached, is prohibited.

Install the window deserves a great reflection on the law to prevent acts subject to prosecutionIt should also clearly identify the easement because it is the basis for the proposed development of this.

As with any purchase, it is important to find one that best meets their needs. Verification of the average capacity of the device is also something that can guide your choiceIt is thus necessary to consider the amount of hot water you need daily. This includes the amount of water you need to:

- Baths

- showers

- the dishes

The type of your home is also one of the basic criteria of your choice. The question is whether you have a studio, an apartment or a house.

Among the various models on the market, vertical water heaters are interesting. They are both suitable for a wall bracket and a base.

The heater resistance steatite is also effective because they do not need to be emptied if elementary concern. They do not scale deposits.

What a location for this equipment?

The best practice is to place the unit near the main point of use hot water. This means that you should not remove him from the bathroom, for example. Later, when you make more savings.

Also avoid exposing the cumulus gel and make sure it is in one place to make access easier for simpler settingsIn this case, a clear area of ​​50 cm is required.

NF C 15-100 must be taken into account if it is a location in a bathroomIt is suggested that the unit must be 60 cm from the bath at least.

For proper location of a water heater, be sure to consider distance, point of use hot water and the unit. Note that a space is always required especially for that of the bathroom. All this is in order to ensure the safety.

How to ask a water heater?

The first step to follow is to take the template and to have at the wall. After having checked the free space, you can perform marking holes. To further secure the device to the wall, it is advisable to use anchors and screws.

The next step is the positioning of the heaterIt's hanging legs of the latter between the wall and the nutIt is then important to seal the nuts. A spirit level will be helpful to take the attachment points of the ball.

Thereafter, you can use an awl to lag. This must be done taking into account this type of material and size required. We must now secure it using screws and a wrench. The ball can be hung.

When this is done, the implementation of the fitting insulation from pipes of hot and cold water is necessary. This allows a high isolation.

The last step is to set the tip of the plastic hose to the flange of the sleeve.

If the goal is to find a good insulator, so do not be content with a single glazed window. Opt for the double glazingNot only is it more efficient, but it also allows you to enjoy a smaller tax. If it provides more meaningful results thanks to its thickness and space between the panes. 

There is also double glazing with reinforced insulationAs the name implies, it allows a confinement that can be interesting up to three times greater than normal double glazing. This quality is related to the presence of a thin layer of silver on the wall. No one is without that money is a product known to carry less heat.

Among the materials for good insulation, but are not limited:

- PVC

- aluminum

- and wood

Use the thermal insulation coefficient U

This is one of the most effective ways to verify the performance of an insulator. There are two types of factor that are each tailored to a specific action. The coefficient Ug is appropriate to ensure that the glazing. As for the control of the insulation of the entire window, there is the bearer Uw.

Just refer to the coefficient for whether it is adequate or not. If the result is minimal, that is that it is effective.

In general, the glass reveals a coefficient greater than 2 whereas with reinforced insulation materials the result is less than 2.

Among the materials recommended for the structure, PVC fits well with a glass reinforced. Thus, their roles are complementary.

Also, if you want to use aluminum, be sure to select windows consist of a thermal separation as.

We must also remember that a window with an insulation factor that varies from 3 to 5 is not interesting because it does not allow a good thermal insulation.

The benefits of insulation performance

It is above all a good way to save energyEnergy consumption is, in this case, more limited. This provides a particularly efficient heating in winterIn addition, there is no need for air conditioning or other equipment to improve the thermal insulationIt is also a remedy that comes in favor of preserving the environment as greenhouse gas emissions decrease significantly.

With good insulation, the internal environment at home is more pleasant and healthyIndeed, the heat is distributed more evenly. When it concerns the windows, tax benefits are obtained. The royalty rate is then smallerIt is thus a technique that is not only ecological but also economic.

The income tax is often set at a rate high enough, but there are some owners who give a discount on it. Some construction work are also likely to count tax. With green taxes, any possible.

The principle of the latter functions to remove taxes on expenditure on energy equipment and thermal insulation. This is a reduction system which is particularly aimed at users of renewable energy and those who are in possession of house type residenceIn fact, every pollution from a row house is a price. The integration of ecological materials and equipment can then enjoy a considerable discount on the taxes.

The green tax is a tax system that is to promote environmental protection. This form of taxation is increasingly used and is related to specific legal provisions.

What to do

Local taxes are fees charged directly by local authoritiesIt is therefore of regions, departments and communes. These are, in fact, all taxes at the level of land and housing.

To be in the standards regarding the construction project, it is first important to the administration aware of the date of completion. This is necessary because it can detect the entry to places.

It is to be filed with the town hall in triplicate. The deadline is 90 days for filing the date of completion and it is recommended that you complete the tax form H1 from the tax authorities. Any information relating to the construction will be addressed in this form. This is particularly true of housing characteristics and surface property. Local taxes will be calculated from the data given in the printed.

How to calculate the contributions associated with the construction?

No one can escape taxation when it comes to lead a construction project. There is the local tax of equipment or EFT is mandatory when you are in possession of a building permit. There are also VAT to 19.6% in the construction of housing that is built into the selling price. All this proves that the proposed real estate tax is inseparable.

Note that the calculation of charges is made from the floor or out-of-work net floor area. This is all floor area of ​​each level outside surfaces of the attic and basement for conversion as well as car parks, balconies and roof terraces.

In terms of TLE, the calculation is based on the value of the house in m². The price per square meter depends on the type of construction and geographic features that affect this. A tax of 1% is applied to this value. This rate is subject to change and up to 5%.

To build its convenient, think about how to raise the front of the cabinet. This is a discussion focused on the dimensions of the furniture. Do not wait for the various component parts thereof are gathered to engage in this study.

When done, the assembly of the four sides of a drawer with those of the ends of the longer pieces is the next step. Discover the most suitable size drawers for more harmony and beauty is the next step.

Successful assembly of your dresser is easier if you opt for wood already cut. Thus, it will not be useful to conduct yourself as well as cutting operations relating to the making of the dimensions of these pieces of woodIf you have not found pieces of wood already cut, ready to perform cutting by using a circular saw. Subsequently made two lugs 2cmx1cm on the ends of each crossIt must, thereafter, to ensure to get 2cm x 1cm mortises at the meeting point of like cross.

Once all this is done, it'll just gather and tie the legs. Just for that, cover the walls of mortises adhesive designed for wood. A clamp allows you to have a very firm fitting.

How to make the box?

Construction of the top panels, side panels and brackets.

This involves installing the side panels as well as from above, and cleats. Your tools will work the screws and the drillIn this case, gather all, the three strips on top of each side panels. Respecting the 23 cm spacing between the ties before, you can set up. The cleats may well be the runners of the drawers.

After all this, do not forget to tighten the screws in the side panels on the inside of side rails

Finally, the top boards will be placed on the top rail with overhangs of 2 cm on the sides and front of the building. Ten holes that can reach the top rail on this board are required to obtain the box. Of trouillons will thus be used to properly fix and collect.

Tips for the success of its convenient

The last phase of the implementation of a commode is finishing. The success of your furniture will largely depend. The work to be done in this phase are set out and tighten the different pieces of furniture. This is particularly true of the boards on the side of the drawers, the bottom thereof, and the side guides C profiles on each side of these.

Note that the arrangement of drawers depends on the creativity and inspiration of each. Consider, however, the durability of the furniture and aesthetics. Do not forget to do the sanding of the chest for the final touch.

Bamboos are readily available materials as they grow easily and fast enough. They can be used for different purposes, either to put on a floor or to form indoor furniture for the home.

Their appearance that they are materials with elegant styles and are distinguished from other.

This material has, in addition, the ability to resist shrinkage and swellingThus, they have a recognized quality sustainability.

If more and more people uses this material to replace wood, this is due to characteristics that occur for the environment.

Also note that they have affordable compared to other feedstocks furniture interior design. Their price is then adapted to the budget of each.

Tips for dealing with this matter

Have bamboo furniture is very popular, but do not forget they need a maintenance. To give them a delight to the eyes shine, you can use vegetable wax heated. With a wipe like finishing your furniture appear more chic and in style.

Bamboo has a natural color, but it is possible to change it in case you want to add your personal touchIt is in this case, should use the green vitriol. This will give a black color rather. But if you want to get a green tint, it is best to make use of copper sulphate.

The actual treatment of the latter can also be done by following six steps:

- Washing

- degreasing

- discoloration

- insect treatments

- straightening

- drying

If these steps are met, their future maintenance will be simplified.

How to use bamboo?

There are different ways to useIndeed, they are suitable for different kinds of use. You can use them as stabilizers slopeIt is also possible to use them as hedges. Readily available, they can be a fence adequate to maintain the privacy of his home.

Bamboo can also be a facing element for your gardenin isolated subject is still effectiveIt can also be used above ground. Actually, you need a pot or pan. Thus, it is sure you will get all its specificity and its true beauty.

In any case, it is recommended to decorate either inside or outside your home. For the interior, you have a multitude of choices of styles to be adopted to build furniture. To the outside, you can leave the natural mixing it with shrubs in your garden.

"We are planning a capital increase is expected to close by the end of January," said MGrzybowski, without specifying the amount.

The transaction is expected permettred'entrer capital "three or four institutional investors such as insurance companies".

Publicly traded, Icade is owned 55.6% by the Deposit.

Icade, which began some time to focus on major business parks, wants to develop in parallel health by buying the walls of clinics. This activity is "very interesting", generating a return of 7% per year, provided the responsible.

Icade Health already has 1.4 billion euros in the walls of clinics and medium-term objective is to bring this heritage to 2 billion.

When you get started in a real estate project, you are always required to have accurate information about your needs and expectations. And indeed, the project manager is one who will carry out the technical part of your project. That means it will take care of the specifications, drafting the contract, control equipment and materials to be used for the construction and monitoring of field work.

Given its actions, it can be seen as the assistant of the architect. Note that it can achieve the level of individual houses

Three elements at the base of the success of your project are also qualities of the latter. They are:

- Quality

- safety

- the time limit construction

When to hire a contractor?

In a real estate project, it is always about teamwork. To do so, must agree to a client on the project wrote to the prime contractor to enter the scene.

In this case, it is necessary to use it to carry out monitoring of construction. He must therefore respect the elements outlined in the specifications regarding the budget and on time.

A contractor may only occur when all the project is well developed. Indeed, tasks and functions will largely depend on the contract between the provider and the client.

In case of non-compliance with the terms outlined in this contract, it is the prime contractor to provide appropriate sanctions. The failure to perform a home is liable to be punished.

The main functions of a contractor training

The contractor training is conducting any training in the order of a client.

In these tasks, there is particular consideration of the budget and scheduleIt is also responsible to make a sketch of the outcome of the project.

The construction of the initial response training and the development of the specifications of the project manager it deservesIn this case, the selection of players needed for the project is based on its action.

In addition, everything related to training are among the responsibilities of a contractor training as:

- An estimate

- logistics

- the execution control

- and the satisfaction survey

In all cases, the functions should not go beyond what is indicated by the client. And even if he works under the command of the latter, his duties are not similar to those of a contractor in construction.

Choosing an above ground pool is interesting because it is made of quality materials and suitable for swimming. Usually made of wood, steel or PVC, is very solid and comfortableIt allows you to de-stress your day tedious.

This type of pool is also available in different forms and styles and is tailored to the tastes and needs of each. Also, do not have to be a good handyman to achieve the install, just to follow the instructions accompanying the kits when purchasing.

In addition, its implementation will not take your time because it is quite fast and has no complicated details. A weekend is enough to just set up your aboveground pool. No need for any building permit or make a statement of work to install it.

The advantage of choosing it is, moreover, at the priceIt is made available to the customer at a reasonable price. If conventional models cost around 400 to 14000, has a price that is much below that.

Forms to choose for a above ground pool

When it comes to such equipment, a number of people are used to select the rounded. But, it is possible to choose those octagonalAs this type of basin has a relatively small depth, the above configurations are the most appropriateIndeed, an above ground pool has a height which is around 1.60 meters or less. As for its length and diameter, they vary depending on the types of materials that constitute. For that which is constructed of PVC or steel, its diameter is 3 to 6 m and its length does not exceed 8m. If made of wood, its size can be up to 10m.

Note that each characteristic of materials for this equipment requires a specific form. This is particularly true of those in frames: the pocket of tissue is the form that suits them bestIt is these basins polyamides or polyester.

Difference between a pool semi-buried and above ground

Although the lands are often subject to various constraints, both installation techniques are increasingly available. The question is the difference between the two systems.

You should know that they both have the same goal which is to facilitate the implementation of this equipment especially on a sloping surface. They help ensure that your environment go hand in hand with it. By cons, with that half-buried, a statement of work is needed.

"The disastrous consequences of the measures" the government will lead to "at least 35000 posts to be mechanically removed during the single year 2012, "against a loss of 40000 jobs between 2008 and 2010, during the previous thistle, they indicate in a joint statement.

For once united, the Federation of real estate (REITs), the French Building Federation (FFB), the National Union of developers developers (SNAL) and the Union of French houses (UMF) denounced "the accumulation of adverse action housing the French since the summer ".

Worse, "the record is likely to worsen even more end-2012 beginning 2013 as and as housing programs launched collective in 2010 and 2011 will be delivered" in a sector that employs 1.17 million workers..

These virulent criticism of professional organizations, usually close to the government, forced the Secretary of State for Housing, Benoist Appeared to react. "The crisis forces them to maximize every dollar". "The crisis forces us to reconsider our policy, to invent new forms of intervention, more efficient, optimize every dollar invested in public," he told AFP MAppeared.

For MAppeared "if the budget measures have affected the areas of housing and construction, but also because they receive public support very high: more than 40 billion euros in 2010, or 2.2% of GDP".

"After an exceptional effort for the area under the recovery plan, it is normal that the government reconsider this support in a time of hard budget constraint" pleads MAppeared.

This does not prevent the major players to worry about housing "seriously damaging consequences of the budget guidelines adopted who do not know the difference between current expenditure and capital expenditure and constitute threats".

The measures include government denounced "the taxation of real estate gains, the strong reduction of benefits granted to let investment in 2012 and the removal of the device, the sharp reduction in the amount of credit for the interest-free loan and increase in VAT on work and social access to the property from 5.5% to 7% ".

Professionals deplore "the government has decided all these measures unfavorable to housing at a time when neighboring countries such as England revive the housing".

But MAppeared remember being built in Britain "almost three times fewer homes in France in 2010 and in 2011 nearly 400000 homes have been started "in the Hexagon.

"The impression prevails a high degree of improvisation and governance distraught and disturbed by the confusionWe are looking for money, it moves, is cut in allocations. With the belief. That growth will not be affected, "said his part Jean-François Buet, general secretary of the National Federation of Real Estate (Fnaim) and presidential candidate of the organization of real estate agents.

By Christian CHARCOSSEY

If you want to improve the appearance of your home, the vines may be helpful. Their leaves, flowers and branches can participate in the decoration of a house.

For use in an optical design and decor, it does not have to be a specialist in bloom. Even if you're just an amateur in plants and flowers, you can ensure the decoration of your home by using this style. To do this, it is advisable to use hanging baskets. This will give more beauty to your homeAs the name implies, the vines are ornaments which for the most part, parent facades of residential offering a magnificent appearance of hedges.

You can also place them along stairs or at the wire fence. Sure in any case that supports these plants are lattice or curves. Choose also garlands of natural flowers for Christmas.

Which season to plant climbing flowers?

Grow climbing plants does not really concernIndeed, there is no particular season or time to regrowth. They adapt to different weather changesAs snow or heat make their appearance and the rain either-go, they are always there to highlight the elegance of your home. So you can plant this type of flowers throughout the year to decorate the facade or other parts of the latter.

Also, you just need to ensure that the soil on which they grow is well prepared. We must make such a mixture with a little sand and peat land in the event of heavy and thickIf on the other hand, you have sandy soil, it is best to incorporate it with earth universal.

What climbers choose?

These plants tend to hang on the wall are numerous. There is a variety that fits all types of home. There are deciduous or evergreen, which are highly valued for their flowers forming a sort of stylish bouquet. With colors reflecting the fall and pleasant natural scents, they are increasingly chosen. The herbaceous and woody are also interesting.

Moreover, to facilitate your selection, it is advisable to take account of their lifeIndeed, there are perennial and others that grow for only one year.

Getting information about the flowering period is a way to conduct their choice on these plant species.

Perform one's own electrical means familiar with the standards governing the systemIndeed, if it is not well done, it will put your safety at risk. To design a low voltage, there is just a formal standard related to this area and deserves to be considered. Know for example that renovate or build a new line involves switching off by EDF. To do this, the rules stipulate the obligation to obtain a certificate of compliance. A dedicated control wiring is involved in such issue

Faced with the presence of a number of standards, you have nothing to fearIndeed, they are developed to help you and facilitate your task in making the electrical. These standards are attached to geral materials to be used. This is the case of NFC deviceIt focuses, for example, suitable location for the installation of the catch, the size of the son to use, the number of connections, the provision of safer breakers and other.

The need for prior studies

Like building a house, make one's own electrical system uses a number of studies.This is primarily to examine the needs, while referring to the plan of the house. Taking into account the available rooms, you'll have more ideas on the most appropriate locations for the location of the catch and lamps.

It is also a step that allows to carry out an inventory of materials and equipment needed. This study will provide answers to questions pertaining to the number and characteristics of materials utiiser.

These studies also contribute in advance to facilitate all electrical connections. Different kinds of checks are then performed in these steps:

- Compatibility of equipment with the system wiring 

- demanding compliance with the EDF or Electricité De France

When these checks are complete, you can contact the EDF will then give you a list of documents.

Some things to keep on making electrical connections

Remember above all a recessed installation is based surquatre actions:

- Marking the locations of equipment 

- Drilling in these areas well drawn  

- Implementation of the grooves ducts 

- cementing walls 

To place the main, be aware that it is in the table within of his homeNote that the installation of the meter in the box is a task that is up to the EDF

To pass the schema of your table, it is advisable to master the standard NF15-100Documents can be your guide

Receipt indicates that the phase of contractual liability of manufacturers endsWe must make a declaration of completion at the Town Hall, no later than 30 days thereafter. This declaration must be signed by the architect and or companies that have made the book.

After three months, the "Certificate of Compliance" is issued, it indicates that the work conform to the building permitIf there is no reservation in relation to defects, the status of the work is approved by the Owner. Manufacturers are subject to warranties and liabilities that are governed by the law:

- Guarantee of perfect completion: builders and contractors are required to provide coverage that lasts 1 year. This is valid from the date of receipt of the book.

- Guarantee proper operation or biennial insurance: it covers all defects that are seen on items of equipment which are inseparable with the foundation work, framing, etc.It also covers those that are separable and removable, and lasts two years after completion of assignments.

- Year guarantee: they cover the imperfections that could compromise the strength and value of the propertyIt has a 10-year.

If you receive unsatisfactory

This occurs when there is still work to be done or that there are defects, the approval may be denied. Thus, the date is to be carried out of court and the owner may apply to the court for an application for completion.

When defects are noticed, it can write reservations in the minutes. These should include repair time set with the head, this may take 1 or 2 monthsIt records 5% of the price of the book if it is established in the agreement.

Reception fully excludes the manufacturer from liability for defects. For those who qualified, defects are compensated under the guarantee of perfect completion if they are indicated in the minutes. Reservations to the reception are those specified by the contracting authority and not those from construction specialists. They allow the first to retain the right to receive a book of quality and corresponds to what was agreed in the contract.

When the defects appear in the following year, they must be notified to the Contractor by the Client. However, minor reservations should not prevent the surrender process. Those approved will maintain the involvement of contract manufacturers.

According to this study by Pierre Concialdi, an economist at the Institute of Economic and Social Research (IRES) at the request of Right to Housing (DAL) and the Copernicus Foundation, "64.7 billion euros from monetary profits was generated in France in 2010 by renting housing, business premises or through intermediation in the housing market ".

If the real estate profits up 60% had experienced the same trend as the average income in other income (14%), the gain would have been much lower, according to M. Concialdi who believes that real estate has made "33 billion surplus profits" that represent "the cost of real estate speculation and the release of rent borne by households".

Just over half of French (55%) own a property and 11% of them hold real estate reports, of which two thirds are in the hands of the wealthiest 10%, says study from national accounts by INSEE. Among the 10% wealthiest households, 40% hold a real estate report and this rate exceeds 50% for 3% of richest people.

Foncia, the largest group of Admnistration property of the Hexagon, has tripled its sales since the year 2000 (575 million euros in 2010).

"The management of 252000 properties for rent is the most profitable activity of the group and 45% of operating income. With fees calculated as a percentage of rents revised upwards each year, the market for rental management provides some resources, estimated at between 3% and 4% per year, according to some experts' study indicates.

"We are pleased to have obtained this derogation should allow a smooth transition to the VAT increase to 7% in the renovation, although the specter of recession now hangs over our 380000 craft enterprises, "said Patrick Liébus, president of the Capeb, quoted by the press.

While the government was considering a retroactive to November 15, work in the homes of more than two years, whose quotes were dated and accepted by both parties and the subject of a deposit received before December 20, 2011 should be maintained at a rate of 5.5%, though the work began in 2012.

The Senate after the adoption of an amending budget season purged of most of the austerity measures of the plan Fillon II, as the increase in VAT or freezing of the scale of income tax, the Assembly should restore the text in the version passed Tuesday by the House at first reading.

This bill, commonly called "supplementary budget", then return to the Senate Wednesday and again before MPs on Wednesday or Thursday.

Receipt of construction up to the ownerThis can be liable for damages and interest if the declines. The Contractor shall also be present, otherwise it will be called. The convocation is established as a record of receipt signed by the clientIt is the contractor and the latter who areIt is mandatory that the owner is present.

This procedure begins with a visit to the house. During this step, ensure that the work conforms to established plans, the contract and descriptive details. We must also ensure that all materials equipment such as heating or mechanical ventilation work wellIt is even advisable to bring a flashlight.

It was after that we must make a written record must contain the possible reserves. The owner must have a dated copy he himself signed and the contractor, architect and builder.

Principle of construction

When the owner signed a contract to build house, the reception is done directly with the founderHas signed an agreement with several companies, it must make a single reception that promotes the implementation of safeguardsIt can also carry out a receipt with each companyIn both cases, the architect and the project owner must always be present.

He may seek the services of a housing specialist to determine the status of the latterIf it is in good condition, the reception is affirmed without reservationIf there are any anomalies or defects, it may refuse to accept.

It can also accept with reservations set out by the company with a letterIf for a period to be defined, the work has not been made, it has the right to have them carried out by another company the expense and risk of the offending company. The fee will be considered in the final settlement of the contract.

Reception with or without conditions

Receiving fully exempt the manufacturer against any defects. That qualified that these imperfections can be compensated under the guarantee of perfect completion when they are given in the acceptance report. The defects noticed in the following year are notified in writing to the contractor by the contractor.

If everything is in the audit, the owner signing the minutes shall be fully. Has signed a contract to build house, it will be a delay of eight days from delivery to notify the manufacturer defects unnoticed that day. The process is the same with a contractor who carried out the shell, the outside water and air out.

The local tax of equipment is established by law to land orientation of December 30, 1967 for the benefit of the municipality as well. The value can be established following construction of real estate and investment affected a fraction of its budget. It provides funding for the work of urbanization including facilities such as roads, schools, crèches, sanitation, etc.

The regulations are included in the Town Planning Code and due to the tax code for compliance regulations. Since 2001, following the SRU law, the tax take varies depending on the net floor area or floor areaIt is calculated in increments of extended, except for auxiliary homes and individuals benefiting from interest-free loans.

For building permits issued before March 11, 2010, those with low amount must be paid at once and those that are higher are payable in two times. The first payment is made one year after the award of the construction permit and the second three years after.

Other taxes attached to the TLE

In addition to the TLE, there are also other taxes that are related to construction:

- One that is complementary to the TLE in the Ile-de-France.

- One that is complementary to the TC or tax outstanding for the Ile-de-France with a rate of only 1%.

- The county tax to natural areas, sensitive or TDENS.

- The fee for the financing of Departmental Boards of Architecture, Urban Planning and Environment or TDCAUE.

The TDCAUE can be established in all municipalities in the department by the General Council. With such an arrangement, it may even apply to those in which the TLE is not required. The rate is the percentage of the value of the entire property that is set by the General Council.

It must be paid by anyone who obtained a building permit or the person who started a statement of workIt must be paid 18 months after award of the permit to the tax office in the locality where housing will be built.

Regarding the TDENS it was built by the General Council and is intended for the benefit of the departmentIt provides funding for maintenance and rehabilitation of natural areas planted or notIts value is calculated from the GFA. Like the TLE, it may be paid 2 times.

Local taxes to be paid each year must also be considered. Among them, there is the tax on housing, on land donated, and the garbage collection. Participation in the connections and the financing of new roads and networks also requires a tax levy.

The rising cost of old houses located in France was less exorbitant in the third quarter compared to second quarter 2011. Indeed, the rise in prices came to 1.0% in Q3. In Provence, for example, the rate is 0.6% between July and September, while it was 4.3% between April and June.

In Paris, the house price was to rise with an average of 7975 euros per square meter. After 3 months of decline, it reached an elevation of 1.5%. This is justified by the market for small areas which accounted for more than 6 out of 10 contracts.

The fee for studios and two pieces of the most famous districts, including the first in the 8th acquired a 2.2% increase. However, the supermarkets could earn only 0.5%.

Moreover, the change in the taxation of real estate capital gains will be implemented from 01st February 2012. To avoid being affected by this, many owners then proceed with the sale of their property.

Sales and financial capacity

According to the latest statistics from the Chamber of Notaries of Paris and the Ile-de-France, the amount of existing homes rose 22.5% in Q2. In 2011, the price is 8150 euros m² average. All the 20 districts was more than 6000 / m. The 6th is the first with 11 690 euros / m² and the 19th is the last with 6350 euros / m².

Sales decreased 16% in October 2011 when, in October 2010, there was an 8% increase in sales in September. The barometer Markemetron announced a reduction of 9% and this percentage will be in the 13% by the end of 2011 compared to fourth quarter 2010.

France is also affected by the crisis in the euro area and this of course affects the purchasing power of households. Restrictions as a solution are more informed because it is possible that gradually reaches the area of ​​the construction market. This may possibly arrive for homes old and new.

This will also impact on the tax exemption, capital gains and PTZ. It is possible that adverse effects are generated and increase the risk of reducing the number of buyers.

The stringent conditions for the loan are taken into accountIn general, it is not all applicants who receive the desired amount, their cases are investigated by considering the details. Following the increase in mortgage rates, several competitors for the acquisition of property are forced to deviate from the market

By law 7812 of January 4, 1978, the owner or whoever is designated by the company to perform the work must be committed to a work-injury insurance. Those conducting the self-construction are not affected by it.

They may be subject to criminal convictions if they have not contracted for such coverage. But they must await the decision of Justice to demand reimbursement of repairs following defects. They are also thought to be responsible vis-à-vis the ten-year guarantee if the home is sold.

Spinetta law has established commitments for the manufacturer and for the individual. The first is to cover the decennial responsibility and the second should be able to purchase insurance, work injury.

Article L241-1 clearly states that builders should be subject to decennial liability coverage from the early workIn case of negligence, he can expect a prison or a fine of 75,000 euros.

The works of roads, ports, airports, héliportuaires, sea, river and rail are not mentioned in the supported mandatory for constructionIt is the same for those related to the treatment of municipal and industrial waste, including materials, equipment.

Usefulness of the work-injury insurance

Work-injury insurance is compulsory from the start of construction because it must cover the workIt allows you to pre-fund the amount of compensation for damage. Under section 1792, the builders are responsible for the severity of these.

The institution offering it is able to make a unique expertise by way of concrete actions. This allows then to take action vis-à-vis the person or persons responsible for defects.

This insurance can be applied to all changes that fall within the ten-year guarantee such as stability or tightness of the habitat. This may in fact make it uninhabitable or even unlivableIt is valid in the first year after delivery of the work, following the guarantee of perfect completion, and ends with the ten-year guarantee. Thus, it lasts a total of 9 years.

The ten-year guarantee

As vendors and specialists who have completed construction of a house for 10 years are responsible for damage that could affect the strength and can make it unbearable. They may be held liable for damages, 10 years after delivery, those resulting from a defect in the floor are also part.

The ten-year guarantee is important because these attacks mean that the work is not goodIt is the same for the elements. They are inseparable when there is no change and no material affect on their development, their removal and replacement.

Among the various parameters involved in establishing the budget for building a house there:

• The choice of materials of great works and secondary works 
• The layout of the immediate area 
• Developments devices

The choice of raw materials of great works is important because their costs are different from each other. They also play in favor of the budget required to work. Building a home made of wood or metal can reduce the interest on a bridging loan. The fact is that it is less polluting and not seek a minimal drying time.

It is also important to determine the level of individual commitment because it allows to save.

The price of a building housing providers also depends. For those manufacturers who sign a contract for construction of house or CCMI is planned in advance and is not based on detailed estimates of measured work. For cons, the architects and contractors specify the detailed estimate with quantity surveying.

In both cases it is impossible to predict the price related to the change of plans, material or Equipment. This amount is also different from one region to another.

General ideas on the price

The price of housing is made by a manufacturer from 1500 to 2500 euros per m². It depends on the design, benefits, the region where it is located, etc. That of a self-build varies between 650 and 1500 euros per m². It is possible that it exceeds this value, because the founder can design his residence by his tastes and needs.

It is possible that this return even cheaper before the RT 2012. This is due to the new technical standard required for newly built houses from January 2013. This will enhance the value even more the need to use materials and tools to develop the energy efficiency of 50 kWh / m² / year. We must also consider the thermal study and testing of airtightness required for certification.

To use an architect is required for structures exceeding 170m². The design of the plan costs 5% of global tariffAdded to the customer support for business-oriented, it is 10%, and for these two actions added to the organization and monitoring of the site, this rises to 15%. A living area of ​​95 square meters costs about 100,000 euros in. This type of single storey dwelling with four bedrooms, a bathroom, a WC and a garage level shiftedIt is equipped with white aluminum exterior joinery, double glazed argon, wooden shutters, mezzanine with wooden stairs, a platform of 30m ² and crawl spaceIt has the label RT2000.

The procedures have been changing as a result of the reform of October 1, 2007We must make a declaration of work for a deck not exceeding 20m ². If not, ask a building permit.

It is advisable to check with the responsible departments of the town hall because the conditions may differ from one municipality to another. Among them, there is the consideration of distance from the edge of the property.

This also learn more about the requirements at the specific specifications such as subdivision regulation

Among the rules to follow, you should know that:

- The guard shall have a height of about a meter protection.

- For a household with children, it is solid and opaque ramps that best. This is more secure as they can, indeed, climb to see behind.

- For a railing with bars, it is advisable to choose the one with vertical bars. They should be spaced 11 cm up to prevent the passage of the head. With those that are horizontal, the children will climb more easily.

Use tips

The deck must have a width of 2 to 2.5 m at a minimum, this allows to move properly around a table and chairsIt takes 60 to 70 cm in width for the table and over 70 to 80 cm on each side to a chair and crossing space.

Wood is a material that thickens, retracts and can be cutIn short, he lives but can also tarnishIt is important to make the right choice when using it to build a patioIt must conform to the packaging associated with this work and in particular be sustainable because it can often be wet by the weather.

It is important to consider the radiation from the sun before choosing the place where the deck will be built, but rather to the south and west. Thus, it does not have to be next to a door or doors to be more accessibleIf placed in a corner where there is wind, it is advisable to install a fence or build a wall.

Cleaning a wooden deck can be done 2 times per yearIt is more suitable to realize after the wet seasons. The washing removes dirt that will accumulate on the material that may alter the platform.

For the case of one that is built with lumber, Category 2, you must always remember to treatment against parasites. This is the reason why professionals do not advise.

The balcony provides additional space to that of the house. Before you realize it is mandatory to make a statement at work even if the municipality is not a habitable zone. This should be governed under the rules of the Planning and EnvironmentIt is therefore important to check with the town hall to find out the current requirements.

Before you implement such a project, it is necessary to learn about all the important details that come into play, including the quality of the work and its costIt is the same in case it is a renewal. There are also other factors to consider such as its shape and function.

In general, a person with a house will have no difficulty in obtaining a permit if it is to add a mezzanine. However, it is advisable to perform such work during the construction of housing to be sure that the system of joists are strong enough to bear

The procedure

In most cases, the balcony of a residence is built with wood framingIt is made door-to-fake and is not equipped with drumsticks since it exceeds the floor framing. Thus, it must be built with longer chassis that will pass out of the building wall. This will be the wooden frame that will be a solid support.

The introduction of a mezzanine is considered a pardon when the house is already builtIt takes place and there will be an area to shakeIt is always advisable to shape door overhang and add to the frames side by side with that of the reinforcement of the floor. For a style that leaves 48 inches, it is best to work with the timber having a length of 96 inches.

The joists

Joists edges can be joined when the walls are original rank girded by the beam. They must be cut with the same length and then, they are fixed and fixed shore with three nails.

Those with a height of 220 or 222 mm high reach to house brought up to 450 cm for the weight of housing and that with spacings of 600 mmA partition wall is essential to carrying cases ranges above this value.

To build a balcony with wooden joists immersed vacuum, they must be continuous and the platform of 2 times the width of the mezzanine and double sidesWhen building a wall is parallel to the joists, you need a screen like the stairs. The bank cut joists are used as rafters.

In a house, cranes are used most often in the kitchen and bathroom, including sinks in the shower, bath, kitchen sinks and. We will not consider those who are used to stop water or water main entrance of the house. The household considers two models dontles mixers and blenders, which are respectively, a single-lever and two handle.

The double lever faucets as their name suggests have two means of control: one for hot water and one for cold water. The water emerges from one or two nozzles depending on the model.

A lever faucets are revolutionizing the world of plumbing. The only command by itself to control the flow and water temperatureOnly one bill to manage this type of device.

The characteristics of these materials

The valves are made from metal or plastic depending on the range marketed by the vendors. The entry-level models come mostly plastic.

The valves can not be separated from any control system fluids. The presence of these elements to control the water flow using a compression. Currently, the valves also have the power to achieve the set temperature by mixing cold water with hot water.

The latest technological advances bring new mechanisms such as bullets and cartridges or the ceramic discs. These show a fairly high price however, but provide quality service requiring no maintenance throughout their operating. The model with ball and cartridge remains the best-selling because of its durability and efficiency compared to models with compression.

The concerns of users on the excessive consumption of water is calmed by the emergence of a new generation of tap. This can limit the bill related to drinking water. Some models are even equipped with an automatic closing safe for water flow in the absence.

From the perspective of the finish, cranes will sell well in a chrome effect. There are also models gold, nickel, chrome, brass, copper, stainless steel and many more. The arrangement requires water control devices to be combined with glass, colored plastic, with an imitation wood or to clear plastic.

The vents are used on both valves on showerheads. Currently, they are available at low flows and their mission is to reduce the water flow. Economy within the context of respect for the environment because the volume of water to be purified decreaseIt is the same for water recycling.

Unlike the United States or Spain, the Greek real estate market is not the cause of the crisis, even if the prices of second homes in particular, in the islands facing the sea, rose in dramatically since the 2004 Olympic Games.

The latest indicators, published this week by the Bank of Greece, show that real estate undergoes full effects of the crisis.

In the third quarter of 2011, prices of goods decreased by 14% over the same period in 2008, where they had a record.

Over one year, the decline was 4.1% in Greece, limited to 5% in the rich neighborhoods of the capital, but over 20% in the suburbs of Athens and in cities such as Thessaloniki, northern.

If residential rents continued to rise slightly, commercial rents have dropped between 25 and 50%, as evidenced by the rows of empty shops in Athens, the barred window of the yellow band "for rent" in Greek enikiazetai.

Sign the credit crunch, transactions, the number of 40000 in the first quarter of 2007 fell to 9000 in Q3 2011.

The construction industry traditionally dynamic in a country where one built for his children, also bites the dust, especially as the raw material costs remain high.

Building permits were down 32% over the first 7 months of the year. And employment in the construction sector accounts for only 6.3% of total employment (260200), against 9% in 2007.

Until now, family solidarity and the attitude of banks, which gave time to the borrowers by rescheduling loans, have played a damper.

But that policy accommodation could be challenged at the end of the mission of the American firm BlackRock, responsible for monitoring whether the Greek banks have sufficient funds in their bad debts.

The rate for real estate, reached 12.8%.

BlackRock, which should give its verdict in January, may be asked to draw a line under some of their bad debts, may lead to increased seizures, hitherto limited, some analysts fear.

In addition, the worsening crisis could prompt some owners to sell their property to offset the decline in their income and avoid paying the new tax imposed on real estate this autumn. Which would be unprecedented in a country that has one of the highest homeownership rate in Europe (nearly 80% against 57% in France) and where real estate is the key element of heritage and the transmission.

"What this country needs most is to preserve the value of its land and property assets: its only wealth," said Alexandros Manos, an official of the Bank of Piraeus, critical of new taxes.

Only foreigners could benefit from slumpPrices of villas on the islands like Mykonos connected are much lower, said Christos Vergos, real estate agent of the company Remax New Deal in Athens.

The state in turn is committed to its creditors to give up to twenty billion of real estate, but according to a European diplomatic source, many obstacles remain, starting with the fact that Greece has not cadastral worthy of the name and legal disputes hanging over virtually any terrain.

By Eve Szeftel

The Supreme Court has recognized that buyers of a house forty feet and at the same level as a pond are rejected when they complained about the humidity, and even floods.

The judges felt that it was not reasonably possible that the presence of a pond at and near the house and traces of moisture on the walls go unnoticed was the purchaser. It can not really complain after buying the house.

The behavior of the silent seller can void the sale if a cache information or fact which the purchaser could not realize itself, showing a bit of vigilance, have judges argued.

According to the judges, "discontinuous servitudes (...) Can only be established by title ", not use. A right of way can not be considered an easement "continue" since it only exists if the recipient uses.

The judges then explained that the certificates of neighbors, tending to prove that the right of way had always existed, had no value.

However, the Supreme Court said in February that if an easement was "non-apparent", ie without visible installation, it was never definitively acquired and could always be challenged.

According to a study released Friday by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), household wealth, which represents nearly 80% of national economic assets, surged 9.1% last year after a slight air pocket for two years

A 10203 billion euros at end 2010, exceeding its 2007 level, before the economic crisis

This is essentially the soaring real estate prices that explains this improvementThus, "non-financial wealth of households, consisting mainly of real estate assets, is recovering significantly," 10.5% after falling 2.5% in 2009, says the instituteIn late 2010, he was 7463 billion euros

The growth of household financial assets, it "bends but remains strong", with an increase of 5.5% after rising by 10.1% in 2009It reaches 2740 billion in late 2010, with life insurance which remains the preferred placement of French

"The jump heritage is somewhat fictitious, since it is due to housing which better held in France than elsewhere," said Christian Saint-Etienne, professor of economics at Paris-DauphineIt also notes that these are 2010 figures, when the Paris Bourse had taken the colors after the financial crisis, which does not take into account "the impact of this summer"- "Beautiful property, beautiful land" - "But overall, this confirms that France is a country rich with a beautiful estate and beautiful land," he said

"Beyond the crisis, we live in a historical period of great prosperity, wealth," adds Thomas Piketty of the Paris School of EconomicsThis specialist in high-income, close to the Socialist Party, said even that "we must go back a century, the Belle Epoque, to find such a relationship between income and wealth"

According to calculations by the INSEE, household wealth in 2010 corresponded to eight years of their net disposable income

For Thomas Piketty, this explosion can not be explained only by the rising price of the stone"It is also necessary that there are people who can afford to support ongoing real estate! Wealth holders are doing well," he insists

As a result, the slayer of the decline in the solidarity tax on wealth (ISF) sees one more reason to criticize"Do not kill the heritage, but this is not the time to reduce taxes on capital," Thomas Piketty ton

The economist argues that the ISF reported, before the reform conducted this year by the government and denounced by the left, about 4 billion euros a year, a wealth of households over 10000 000 000 000

"It was already very small, and the government still decided to divide it by two so that a crisis of public finances and it is found to increase the tax that hits everyone," protested it

Christian Saint-Etienne into perspective, however, the decline in the TFR"All other taxes and capital gains were heavily burdened," he said

By Francesco FONTEMAGGI

The hardwood floor is in the form of several blades available in several essencesd'érable, cherry, ash, cherry and oak. The width of the pre-cut will be selected from a number of class. Typically, the blades are narrower when one wants to have excellent stability in areas susceptible to several variations of humidity. 

Normally, hardwood floors are used in the living room, office, corridor, hallway, bedrooms and dining room. Despite advances in the world of construction, this type of coating still has a relatively high popularity due to its look warm hugs all decorating stylesIn addition, these boards can also be assembled to generate various effects tones. This material performs well as to its resistance to operating expenses that must supportIn general, maintenance is scarce with hardwood floors

The flooring

This coating is composed of tiles, each consisting of small strips of wood assembled in one piece through a square of canvas. The flooring is resistant to various stresses and external forces such as the passage in a house. A fairly easy installation this coating gives a plausible advantage over its counterpartsIn addition, maintenance is not really necessary, or chronic with parquetry. 

Apart from the kitchen and bathroom, floors can be installed in all other parts of the house. This distinction was made in light of the fact that they are afraid of water and moisture. The hardwood slats are better suited to common areas and the flooring is then favored in the bedrooms.

Seals may be interesting in the game with a good dye used on the flooring. With the popularity of self-construction and DIY by yourself, factories currently manufacture of pre-glued tiles easy to install without having to resort to professionals.

The laminate flooring

With the developments in the field of construction, floor coverings are also beginning to find a new air with the emergence of laminate flooring. These are chipboard, covered with a thick veneer of an eighth of an inch.

The appearance of this new coating is much like that of ordinary wood floorIts thinness gives it an ease of installation over an existing floor. The laminated version withstands compression, high heels, chemicals, cigarette burns, scratches and abrasive.

Washing with water is not recommended for this floor. A single pass of brush, sponge or vacuum sufficient to remove stains and impurities that are on the surface.

He added that at this stage, "the project is progressing according to schedule""However, the ministry can not remain insensitive to the insinuations reported by the Canard Enchaîné and then - well I use the conditional - that harm would be established through acts revealed in court proceedings, the Department of Defence is a civil, "concluded the spokesman

Last week, the newspaper revealed that a judicial investigation for corruption and influence peddling was opened in February on possible wrongdoing in the awarding of the contract for construction of the site's future ministry area Balard, in the fifteenth arrondissement of Paris in early 2011 Bouygues

Source: AFP

The prosecution conceded, however, a telephone conversation between the Paris prosecutor Francois Molins and a lawyer of French construction giant, won the contract to build the future Ministry of Defence in the district in Paris Balard (XV) in May

A responsible prosecutor told AFP: "Yes, the prosecutor took an online lawyer Martin Bouygues, but by no means told him that the file was empty" and added: "The Criminal Procedure Code authorizes the prosecutor to release elements from a procedureBut in this case, he appreciated here it was not appropriate to reveal the elements and had to leave for the judges'

"Between not reveal elements and interpret this non-disclosure means that the folder is empty, there is a shortcut that is not reality," she said

Martin Bouygues said in an interview published Thursday by Les Echos that the prosecutor has told his lawyers that his group was not involved in any corruption in conjunction with the award of the construction

"Our lawyers have asked the attorney if Bouygues was involved, the answer is noWe conducted an internal investigation that did not work eitherThere is nothing in this folder for our group, "said the CEO of Bouygues

On Wednesday, the Canard Enchaîné quoted an adviser to MBouygues claiming that MMolins had assured them that there was "nothing in the record"

"There was in any way direct or indirect contact between MMolins and MBouygues or one of its affiliates, "replied the floor Thursday

Two investigating judges since February of possible corruption and influence peddling in conjunction with the award of this project

Source: AFP

A supervisory board, chaired by the deputy mayor of Evry, Manuel Valls (PS), held Thursday

Originally scheduled in May, the opening was delayed because eight000 defects, according to the hospital, had been identifiedReserves entirely conventional, according to Eiffage, builder of the buildingThere have been remedied at the expense of Eiffage for some of the hospital for other

Checks made and once obtained the approval of the Safety Commission, in mid-January, the facility should be able to finally start but it will take several months

"At this stage," Eiffage does not see "obstacles to the opening on January 23"

The association "Save our public hospital", which includes doctors, medical personnel and non-users, requires a "simulation-white situation" before the move

Reflecting a widely held view, Dr. Henri Lelièvre, president of the association and acting head of the orthopedics department of the hospital, said in any case that "there is no alternative but to leave the public-private partnership (PPP) "

CHSF pediatrician, Dr. Alexis Mosca, a member of the association, held that "there is a discrepancy between the payment of rent and public service mission of the hospital""We will direct the provision of care based on financial parameters and not the needs of the population," he says, speaking of the "ball of the PPP"

He said in the provision of hospital by Eiffage, there was no "baby bottle in the service of pediatrics"As for "pediatric emergencies are not dimensioned: the waiting room is now 45m ³, it overflows, the new is 30 m³"

The association called for a parliamentary commission of inquiry, and on Friday launched a voting citizen or not the output of the PPP, as requested by the supervisory board of the institution, June 30, before quick start Retirement of Director

About 3000 people voted, with 25 against the output of the PPP, according to the association

"The financing terms are so favorable to Eiffage, and harm the public finances", denounces Claude Combrisson, representing users, taking as example the fact that the lease does not include the latest standards

"If the state does its job, there may be one of the finest hospitals, one of the most advanced in Europe," sighs Dr. Lelièvre

Conversely, for Eiffage, the output of the PPP "is not necessarily interesting (e) for the hospital"

Asked Tuesday by Senator (KVD) of Essonne Michel Berson, Secretary of State Anne-Marie Montchamp said that "the cost of work was similar to that of a traditional project management, if the is to consider all the costs of borrowing "

She said the opening of CHSF, "January 23, will be safe" citing "difficulties", which "had been identified as site for any purpose"

In addition, Ms. Montchamp argued that "the IGF (IGF) delivered its report, which does not confirm the position of the regional audit"This, in a report published in February, the PPP had seen a "binding legal formula and financially uncertain"

On 16 October, the Health Minister, Xavier Bertrand, had recognized "that there was injury to the State, for the hospital"

Repeatedly contacted by AFP, the direction of CHSF declined to comment

By Julie CHABANAIS

Source: AFP

The tender offer on Trade Street was declared "complete" by the Financial Markets Authority (AMF) TuesdayThis will develop the site to 100 million euros

The Competition Authority had, it was announced on December 5 have cleared without conditions to the takeover of Rue du Commerce by Altarea-Cogedim, a purchase of 28.64% stake in Rue du Commerce by the land, the founders and the Apax funds before the launch of the bid

Also with the securities purchased on the market in early November, Altarea Cogedim currently holds 29.77% of capital and 29.40% of voting rights in Rue du Commerce

The OPA therefore focuses on the remaining 70.23%, but the AMF said in its decision qu'Altarea does not intend to withdraw from the Rue du Commerce dimension via a squeeze, if not all titles n were not tendered

Source: AFP

This project includes the demolition and reconstruction of facilities for 60 million eurosMaintenance of schools, boarding and catering area will then be provided by Exprimm for 20 years, a subsidiary of ETDE (Energy and Services division of Bouygues Construction), amounting to 20 million eurosIn Metz, a contract of $ 25 million for work and 12 million for operation and maintenance, was signed between Pertuy

Construction, a subsidiary of the group operating in the Great East of France, and the General Council of MoselleWork will begin in summer 2012 and will mobilize up to 180 people

The first college to be delivered in October 2013 and the second in April 2014

Source AFP

Already held before the operation 100% Gecina which focused on the building of the same name, located in Boulogne-Billancourt (Hauts-de-Seine), the company now Horizonsest dissolved by operation of law without having made any closing transaction, the statement said

This sinscrit an approach to simplify the group structure Gecina and allows the building to bring in the tax SIIC (listed real estate investment companies), the statement said

With 27% of the capital, the largest shareholder of Gecina, which owns a property portfolio of 11.8 billion euro, is the group Metrovasaca Spanish property owned by banks Banco Santander, Bankia, BBVA, Banco Sabadell and Banco Popular Espanol

Source AFP

"No, for now we are not affected by the crisis," said MBouygues

"The economy remains good, with beautiful international orders and no noticeable slowdown in France," he added

"Based on our book and home sales made this year, which will be realized in sales next year, we are very confident and serene in 2012," he adds, noting that the order book group had increased by 7% in the first nine months of the year

The current crisis "has nothing to do, for the construction industry you it says, with the 1990s, which was catastrophic"

Martin Bouygues has also said serene despite the debt crisis that affects the bond marketThe rating agency Standard & Poor's lowered by one notch the end of November the group note the passing of "A-" to "BBB +"

"It does not raise concern among Bouygues, because it's been a while we are working to optimize our capital structure," he said

"Our bond debt is very spread out, we have no short-term maturityI do not pretend that this crisis of funding has no impact on the construction industryIn particular, the financial arrangements are more complex and more expensive but customers equally determined, "he acknowledged, however,

The diverse group Bouygues (construction, real estate, media, telecom) has made a net profit up 3% in the third quarter of 2011 to 403 million euros and foresees a turnover of 32.2 billion euros for year 2011

Source: AFP

"I'm angry and I complain," said Martin Bouygues, CEO of the group Les Echos to be published Thursday"We will assign Duck chained for defamation in the next few days for uttering false accusations against us and suggest that, since we are in construction, it is dishonest," he added

Martin Bouygues has denounced the "insinuations (which) are misleading and false""Our lawyers have asked the attorney if Bouygues was involved, the answer is noWe conducted an internal investigation that did not work eitherThere is nothing in the record for our group, "he said

"It's unbearableThe damage in terms of image are enormous, "he added

The Chained Duck revealed that a judicial investigation for corruption and influence peddling was opened in February on possible wrongdoing in the awarding of the construction group Bouygues of the future headquarters of the Ministry in the area Balard (fifteenth arrondissement)

According to the satirical weekly, a senior defense official is suspected of having sent a senior executive of Bouygues the specifications of the market before its competitors

Bouygues Construction said on Wednesday that "no measures of inquiry or investigation" has been initiated against him, and "none of his employees have been the subject of a meeting, hearing or notification"

Source: AFP

The vinyl is a widely known for its good behavior to bad weather, scratches, corrosion and ice. Also, gutters made from this material do not require paint for protection. However, it is possible to paint only with latex paint of good quality. Once they are painted, periodic maintenance must be carried out including an occasional brush stroke. The colors vary widely, despite the current craze for white. There are also styles that are resistant to fading.

The majority of residences adopts a model of style "K" gutters with depth of 5 inches. This dimension must take into account the slope and the location of gutters. The range of vinyl gutters marketed especially for the section 10 '.

The equipment installation gutters vinyl or aluminum box tabs, caps, fittings and downpipes. There is also mounting brackets, downspouts, large nails, down connectors, elbows, diverters, the rings and the seal assembly.

The expansion and contraction are part of the lives of vinyl. Indeed, during changes in temperature, these materials can cause warping of the gutters, damaging the joint fittings. These expansions will occur if no precaution is taken by the worker during the installationIt will include an open space plan for expansion of these later before landing on the ledge.

Aluminum gutters

Aluminum gutters have no obvious differentiation in the forms or styles available. Reported as being subject to the phenomenon of expansion, they are designed to withstand weather, scratches, ice, discoloration and corrosion of course. The major advantage of this model lies in its lightness compared to other types of materials. Despite its relatively light weight, aluminum gutters still show a considerable robustness.

Their high price compared to the normal is the main drawback of this solution. But the models sold are available with sections 10 or 20 feet in length.

Aluminum can be made to measure and without the use of fittings. However, only the real professionals have the skills necessary to achieve this mission, which typically uses a portable specialWith the absence of coupling, the risk of leaks being eroded or are close to zero.

Other categories

Electrodeposition has been used in the process of galvanizing steel zinc or zinc alloy for the manufacture of galvanized steel gutters. This process is to provide adequate protection to them to resist the attacks of moisture. There are also copper gutters that also comply with the criterion of non-corrosive.

"The concentration of industry professionals that spoke earlier this year is beginning to be realized," told AFP Frederic Caumon, equity analyst at Deutsche Bank

The land, with a tax status of listed real estate investment companies (SIIC) very favorable indeed have an incredible operating margin of 83%, but the financial burden is very important as they are developed through a highly leveraged

"For the land, there are many different problemsFirst, since the beginning of October, the bank financing are limited, which poses particular problems for small land that have significant refinancing to provide, "said MCaumon

The typical example is Foncière Paris France, which has only 700 million of real estate assets, for which the Financial Markets Authority (AMF) said "complete" Tuesday the tender offer (OPA) hostile Hotels Roissy in Paris Vaugirard (PHRV), a subsidiary of the insurers Allianz and Covea

CEO Jean-Paul Dumortier regrets the timing of the takeover, which occurs in a storm market, reflecting, he says, his "highly opportunistic" and allows the offeror to offer only 110 euros per share while it considers the minimum price "decent" to 117 euros

"More banks and insurance companies are required to meet the standards of Basel 3, Solvency 2," notes MCaumon"The State to maneuver" Forced by his financial situation, the mutual insurer Groupama resolved to merge its subsidiary Icade Silic in which the Deposit will hold majority stakeThe new company will be the first land in business parks and office buildings with a heritage of more than 9 billion euros

"The state was to maneuver through its armed wing, the CDCIt is not normal that the market has been kept out of the operation, while several other land could be interested in Silic, "sorry to AFP a high response of a land which held to keep the anonymity

The bank BNP Paribas could also give 15% to 20% of 51% interest in Klépierre, which pouurait attract sovereign wealth funds or Unibail-Rodamco, Europe's leading commercial real estate, according to several industry experts

There remains the problem "of the principal shareholders of Gecina and SFL, which are partly of Spanish banks, which by pushing their problems were later created a structural tension on their assets," said MCaumonThe current crisis also encourages land diversification:

it no longer content just to buy offices, shops, homes and health students whose profitability could one day fall

The Competition Authority has thus give the green light without conditions to the takeover of e-commerce site Rue du Commerce by Altarea-Cogedim, specializing in shopping centers

"There is an awareness of the industry that selling online is a long-term competitor to shopping malls where attendance is not good for the moment," said MCaumon

By Christian CHARCOSSEY

The decision confirms the order by May 19 the judge of the High Court of Ales (Gard), which had condemned Fayat to pay "$ 12 million plan to assign to the backup employment "(PSE) of the company Gorria Me, executor of Richard Ducros

D'after a spokesperson, the group will lodge an appeal

The CGT union welcomed the decision of the Court of Appeal, which is a real success for Richard Ducros 284 employees who lost their jobs due to business closure

"After the violence of the dismissal (), The total refusal to Fayat to participate in social, development plight of SMEs and SMIs Basin Ales, Justice rendered its verdict relentless Fayat and his accomplices, "he said in a statement

Number four in construction in France, Fayat was notably successful with Vinci to build the new stadium in Bordeaux

The liquidation of Richard Ducros, founded in 1868 and specializes in building bridges, bridges and towers, was decided on May 5 by the Commercial Court of Paris, seven months after its purchase by Fayat to 2.3 million euros, an amount specified in the decision of the Court of Appeal

This group achieved a turnover of 2.7 billion euro en2010 and with over 17000 employees according to its website, had initiated bankruptcy proceedings of Richard Ducros partly because of "an economic and financial situation deteriorated"

According to his opponents, had bought Fayat Richard Ducros knowingly before refusing to put any money in the company

The Court of Appeal "rightly that the trial judge found that the explicit refusal to participate in financing Fayat PES created a manifestly illegal" by preventing the implementation of a plan sufficient

She also noted that the Bordeaux group was "able to fund a backup plan that includes all aid and planned actions" by law

It is clear that the personal tastes of the customer will be asked to define the appearance of tiles, blocks and pavers to be installed. However, manufacturers will have the option of directing their clients about the objectives of harmonization of the finished work with the existing environmental settingIt is important to keep an eye on other developments in the area, including the same type of materialAlso, the shapes and colors should not depart from the design of the house.

With modernization, the blocks now have sharp edges and shapes rather original fleeing reality. These new materials do not fit very rustic properties. However, rustic pavers, in turn, tightly fitting part of a modern. Thus, customers must choose blocks that are not likely to lose their reputation in recent years.

The layout is not good with the use of contrasts and nuances. The uniformity of the color of the house with that of the product does not always succeed in giving a good view to all.

A high enough price

Prices range between $ 1.50 and $ 4.50 per square foot. This price range reflects the difference on various criteria: the thickness of the pad or slab, size, quality of finish and shapeIn addition, color can have a considerable influence on the price. The amount of the invoice is not the same for a surface color, a color incorporated or color obtained by mixing.

Many tricks can be used to not spend. Thus, the owners are not required to install concrete curbs on the ends of a path paved to reduce the cost for the utility of these materials is questionable. For reasons of economy, the adoption of non-Japanese is a good option compared to the solution path "full". For walls, the blocks that will not require a crown will be given priority. Paths straight commit fewer expenses than those curves with the reduction of losses during cutting of the pavers

Some people omit the need for such an investment compared to the increase in property valueIndeed, in compliance with the rules of the art, can return home a little more expensive than its initial value. Thus, although the owner may recover a large sum of money on the resale of his property.

Despite this, some self-builders are struggling in their development and are facing serious problems of subsidence after a few days of operation. As a result, they will be satisfied with a stagnant or even negative value for their homes.

The ceramic coatings are becoming increasingly popular thanks to their use in every room of the house as a decorative or protectiveIndeed, they protect water and dirt respectively in a bathroom and an entrance. Once the tiles are marketed with standard dimensions of 8 x 8 in bathrooms and 12 x 12 in larger rooms. Currently, bids are increasingly diverse with new sizes ranging from 1 in. x 1 in. to 14 in. x 14 in.

Coupled with the size, shapes have also changed in recent years. The traditional square still but gradually his fame, he shares it with new forms such as rectangle and the hexagon.

The styles are many from the evolution of technology. The plants may include creating tiles that are very similar to slate, terracotta, marble or stone.

In addition, elements such as tile or baseboard moldings that fill gaps in the finish are also to remember. They are also part of the new models on the market spread.

Ceramics and kitchen

Despite the relatively high cost of ceramic over laminate worktops, many people often opt for it because of these advantages. These concern the life and performance maintenance-free throughout its life cycle.

For the purpose of cleaning work surfaces, smooth and shiny tiles are better suited to this type of plan. Choosing a porous ceramic commits the owner to buy a top coat effective in limiting the infiltration of water through the surface.

The counters are realized in several forms whose taste is the main criterion for selection of this variety. Solutions commonly used are the embedding of the tiles in a square formed by rods 1 inch or 2 inches, the molding has great aesthetics and ceramics, specializing in finish and borders.

The modern bathroom can not do without ceramics

Find ceramic tile in a bathroom is currently running. The choice of homeowners is understandable before the inevitable advantages of this type of tileIndeed, they have a positive effect to moisture and water infiltration, thus protecting the building structure. However, these functions will be filled with an installation in accordance with standards and code of practice.

In parallel, the ceramic tile also performs the task of finishing and decorating. No one can deny the twist provided by this material including the contours of a shower or bath enclosure.

The draft agreement, as part of exclusive negotiations, states that the CDC also injected 300 million eurosdans EUROCOURTAGE the broker, a subsidiary of Groupama

The transaction will be completed in three stages: 1 - Groupama will transfer the Deposit to about 6.5% stake in Silic, in exchange for direct or indirect capital Icade about 2.7%On the occasion of this, the CDC will provide all of its interest in Icade to a holding company controlled by it2 - Groupama will provide the balance of its interest in the holding Silic3 - Icade will file a tender offer (the offer) on the principal balance of silica, the holding company's commitment to bring to the public offering of its entire stake of 44% stake in SilicThese steps must be based on an exchange ratio of 5 shares for 4 shares Icade Silic, 2011 coupons attachedIcade plans to distribute more than in 2012, under the year 2011, a dividend of 3.70 euros per share Icade, a portion of the dividend may take the form of a special dividend"Extra strong" for Groupama Throughout and after the operation, the new company will be mainly controlled by the Caisse des Depots, told AFP Icade CEO Serge GrzybowskiThe investment of 300 million euros from the CDC in EUROCOURTAGE, the third player in the brokerage industry in France, will strengthen its financial"These two operations are positive for the Deposit and part of its policy of prudent long-term investorAs part of the Greater Paris, lerapprochement Icade Silic and create the first commercial property and offices in France, "said Augustin de Romanet, CEO of the CDC, quoted in the pressAccording to Thierry Martel, Managing Director of Groupama, "these operations have also the effect of reinforcing the financial strength of Groupama"Very concerned about the financial health of the enterprise and employment, an inter-union CFDT, CGT, CFE-CGC group voted Nov. 3 to a resolution unanimously to trigger a warning right at a central works council and appointed a firm (Secafi-Alpha)MMartel was found Sunday incomprehensible decision to consider lowering the rating to two notches of the mutual insurer of the rating agency Standard and Poor's (S & P), while Groupama had told them to be negotiating with the CDCFriday, the agency had expressed concern that "the financial situation and level of regulatory solvency of the group are further weakened in a very difficult gait to the point they are no longer consistent with a BBB rating"

Source: AFP

The project amounting to 266 million euros will be financed by the German public bank KfW and the Egyptian government and allow power generation to 32 megawatts, the regulation of the Nile and the irrigationIt will have two locks for the passage of river traffic and four 8 MW turbines for electricity generation of 32 megawatts

The project is scheduled for May 2 and should last 64 months

Source: AFP

Source: AFP

It is obvious that to obtain such concepts, we will have that you have your own equipmentIf you still hesitate to invest in this, know that first, these new facilities will allow you to save energy, you can also benefit from state aid or local, you will also bring your boost to conservation efforts in the world, but mostly it will be possible to take advantage of the future.

The list of motivations is not exhaustive and you will also have the choice between different types of facilities available on the market. One of the best known is a priori solarYou can also opt for solutions wind, geothermal, biogas or even hydroelectric power. Pricing associated with each approach is however different.

The different rates

The current situation allows great freedom of pricing from energy producersIndividuals will generally take advantage of free competition between the giants of energyAlso note that you can also start your dice in this game, and enjoy very attractive rates. You can then play the apprentice energy supplier. But remember that the rates that apply to your production depends on the mode of production that you use

Solar energy is by far the most interesting, with rates varying between 0€ 30 and 0€ 55 per kWh. Wind energy is then more interesting with more than 013 € / kWh for offshore sites. Geothermal energy is at the third position with 012 € / kWh and can qualify for certain bonuses of up to 0€ 03. Hydropower in turn is at the end of the scale with 0€ 0607 / kWh.

Commitment over the long term

Before you finally decide to sell your electricity, there are a few major points that need you to linger overSell ​​all or a portion of your electricity can be very advantageous according to the rates that apply to your production

Indeed, for a solar system, the question does not arise. Only for a hydraulic system, it is better to think twice before committing. The benefits that you will make on your electricity are classified as industrial and commercial non-professional. These revenues benefit from a reduction of 71% calculated before with your taxes.

If one day you decide to spend it, you will then have to connect to the national electricity distribution. You will then have to sign a contract to purchase your electricityYou will now choose from over-production or sell the majority of your production. This type of contract lasts on average between 15 and 20 years, weigh out the pros and cons.

The basic principle underlying the biological swimming pool is to restore a natural biological balance to a Swimming area is safe to predict, because without it, it will be a pool of more in your areaIn addition, an area for the vegetation will also take place. Designers generally reserve the same area in these two areas to provide better biological balance

The area plant will consist of an area for oxygenating plants and another for purifying plants. The first will be at least one meter deep to allow the water lilies grow properly. The second plant families will be installed on the other hand in an area shallower. 

Some designs suggest to separate the different basins. However, this approach requires the installation of pumps for circulating water between the basins. To fit perfectly in mind ecological, the solution is, however, to predict the different zones in a single basin, avoiding the consumption of energy for pumping.

The environmental impact

By removing the constraints of chemical use, and it is certain that the biological swimming pool allows you to save the environment. Chlorine, commonly used in the maintenance of swimming pool water also causes few adverse reactions to the skin or respiratory complications. Know that according to statistics, 16% of babies develop asthma symptoms swimmers against 7% of other babies. So your health also motivate you to opt for this solution. But the benefits of a biological swimming pool are not confined there in regard to the environment.

Includes a biological swimming pool in addition to the swimming pool, a pool of regeneration and a sewage lagoon. To fulfill its role, each basin must be populated by different types of plants but also animals and microorganisms. Also note that the sun for photosynthesis, the breaststroke swimmer that the deeper layers the whole environment of the swimming pool comes into play in the functioning of this systemIn addition to the internal biological mechanism of the pool, it also acts with all its environment by allowing insects or birds of passage to take refuge.

Be aware that the pool will remain beautiful throughout the yearWith plants that inhabit it, is a true continuation of your garden that is more pleasing to the eyes a large blue surface sterile. Last but not least, with this filter system and water purification, in will be necessary to add water periodically as. As for the possibility of completely changing all the water of the basin, there not even think, not all pools have almost no biological need.

Saving energy makes sense for passive energy house, because by definition passive should not consume energy. The principle is very simple, avoid wasting. 

One of the critical points of consumption of home heating affects. The figures show that more than 70% of energy costs of homes are due to heating. Then one of the key points that require special attention. The insulation is also closely linked. Thus you will avoid wasting energy, avoiding any leakage of calories out of your walls.

One of the ways that the concept is to maximize profits for the environment. This approach is much more accessible for new construction and renovations or rehabilitations. Architects and designers will then use simple methods such as hedges or orientation of a house. Optimize the orientation to the sun in cold climates and prefer shade in hot regions.

To reduce consumption, some reflexes should also be adopted. Indeed certain habits such as forgetting extinguishing bulb futures affect energy consumption of a household. One of the most effective alternative is to use low-power devices like low-energy bulb. For appliances, you will also have the choice.

Producing energy

Despite all the initiatives that you can consider to save your energy expenditure, it is inevitable that it consumes home point. To align with the concept of passive energy house, it is preferable to allocate part of the consumption of a home to its own production.

The options are many, the installation of photovoltaic panels to wind through the plates to heat water. This is actually the part that goes a little weight on your budget. An installation of photovoltaic cells needed for a household of 4 people will cost you around € 30,000. The relationship between costs and the production of a wind turbine is about the same.

The test environment also comes into play when choosing your solution of energy productionIs there enough sunshine or the wind blows he strong enough to allow such facilitiesIn the case of a wind turbine, the noise factor is also quite important and will often require that the facility is approved.

Fortunately, to support your effort, legal provisions are scheduled to amortize your investment. So is there any tax credits or the reduction in VAT. You can also receive aid at some communes or regions.

The use of geothermal heating systems are advantageous side comfort and environmental. They are able to provide heating of several compartments in the house and also the hydraulic system.

Operation is simple, the installation does not require a specific development. To capture the heat pipes are buried in the ground, but different procedures can also be appliedWithin a liquid-flow heat transfer fluid or brine-whose function is to capture and transmit heat.

The recovered energy is then conducted to a heat pump and it is this that ensures the distribution of heat throughout the house. The system is then reinforced by a heating circuit that is to say, underfloor heatingIn turn, they return the liquid in the heat sensor to ensure the circuit.

Two options to consider

To capture heat from the ground, determine the context in which your home was builtIn case you do not have a field for the process, it is necessary to dig the basement. Often difficult task, you can always consider the heater, it is applicable to all types of homes.

Depending on your choice, you can opt for aerothermal and geothermal. The operation and processes are the same except that it is more economicalIt presents performances of further adjustments to bad weather and provides a much more even heating.

However, the installation and installation are relatively expensive compared to the aerothermal. The implementation of this requires enhancements that reduce electrical energy capacity.

Type you select and install geothermal heating

Two options are available, the first is the horizontal geothermal well. This process is easy to install, is why it is that attracts more customers.

The pipe or tube used to capture the heat is buried about a hundred feet deepIt is often based on polyethylene. He then joined a refrigerant inside, it will be the heat pump which then regulate any activities that revolve aroundIndeed, it is the land that will heat the fluid and recovered energy will be enhanced by a radiator or underfloor heating. 

The second possibility is the installation of collection system vertical. The process is the same, to which water was added antifreeze to capture the heatAnd the latter, once absorbed, the heat pump will take over. Two tubes will be drilled in the soil is cemented to ensure the process. The energy produced can reach 50 ° C and over by the comforts which the underfloor heating will help the process.

There are many advantages and privileges derived are considerable, as you will be brought to take all decisions about your home. Since the skeleton cuffs, you can customize. The finishes are a matter of taste and sense of design-related skills of entrepreneurs.

The plan of the house will come to your initiative, the layout and organization of rooms and rooms correspond precisely to your needs. All your suggestions will be reviewed at least by the manufacturers for a better presentation. Their assessment will be based on feasibility criteria. Of course, some approaches have implementation difficulties that only the relevant departments will be able to provide.

The layout and size of each room in your home will depend on you, and external factors related to housing options will also not be overlooked. The layout of your home and the framework within which the construction will be done will leave you guessing initiative.

Moreover, integration of heating, ventilation, ventilation will result in your ability to weigh the pros and cons of the use of equipment. However, it should be noted that each of these techniques is now governed by regulations. They insist on compliance with environmental standards.

Engage the manufacturer

The choice of home construction avoids the dissatisfaction since it is the customer who will be the primary decision maker. For successful results, and effective collaboration, it is important to choose a manufacturer. Go first, those who offer services that will ensure the thermal system of the home. Standards and current requirements should be taken into accountIndeed, this is an important point to review.

The working methods of the company are also to be considered, always check the price in relation to services. Many of them offer additional activities such as plumbers, electricians ... work with other contractorsAnd what is not less, is the quality of work. How to check? Must be determined and certified judge through the houses already built by the company.

For successful collaboration

The contract is one of the most reassuring to ensure the project and protect the two bodies that undertake. The law shall determine and reserve a title for the contract construction of individual housesIndeed it must contain the details of the Land and the various information about the type, size, and type of house buildingIn short, the building permit will authenticate your project.

There must also be clauses in the conditions of delivery, receipt and payment. All aspects of the different approaches and the whole procedure should not be neglected.

If you invest in green building, you can claim a reduction of your tax. VAT is then given to a reduced rate of 55%. Compared to the standard rate of 196%, you will make a profit of 14% Tax. This reduction also applies directly to the immediateIn addition, this tax benefit is for anyone who wishes to invest in the construction of a building. Thus, the tenant may also benefit from this measure, not just the owner.

Different types of work are affected by this measureIn addition, other aspects of the organization of a construction can also benefit without direct reference to the environmental protection. We can then quote from this work the thermal or sound insulation, renovation, maintenance, and alteration or improvement of housing.

Large works, however, can benefit from this rate. Invoices in proper form are essential to support the benefits of this exceptional rateHowever, labor and materials are concerned. 

Tax Credit for the environment

If the state grants you the famous benefits of tax credits is among others to support an active environmental policy. The administration then tries to support the efforts of each investor. Side of the investor, some people argue that whatever the motivations of the real state. As long as they can benefit from help, they rush at the chance.

You too can take advantage of this windfall, while you are creating a wealth of value and choiceVarious types of equipment are eligibleSo it is with some insulation, boilers low temperature device for regulating the heating and heat pumps.

Caps, however, are under the same terms of the laws that have created exceptional fiscal measures. A single person can claim a reduction of credit that exceeds € 8000The cap will be double for couplesIncreases are also planned for each child.

The rate applicable to the tax reduction is 25%, which is indicative, however, because each type of equipment will really benefit from a specific rate. The 25% rate will then apply to insulation materials, control equipment for heating or condensing boilers in the principal residences of more than 2 yearsIf the completion of the building date before 1 January 1977 and that the facilities are made two years after purchasing the property, the rate will increase to 40%.

Although each device has different rates, you can draw an advantage, knowing that with this equipment, you'll save energy.

Many reasons can motivate a person to invest in a green house. Environmentalist through and through, smart entrepreneur or private individual wishing to save his planet, a host of profiles may be interested in the attainment of such a property. Compared to a conventional house, a green house will cost from 10 to 15% more. Fortunately, you will make great savings on your energy consumption. Suffice it then a few years or months to amortize the difference.

To support the environmental efforts of its inhabitants, some municipalities, regions or departments can provide financial assistance to investors. This effort is also illustrated in some tax cuts that you can claim.

Savings smart

In addition to the great love you have for nature, engage in green building is largely, and this for a very large majority, an opportunity to save moneyIndeed, in principle, a green home uses less energy than traditional construction. The energy savings will then be reflected in your notes.

In a conventional house, the heating is one of the heaviest costs with 60-75% of energy costs of a home. Also note that this energy is causing a quarter of emissions of greenhouse. A green home will then make the most of advantages that nature has or will adopt the best solutions to avoid wasting resources. This is the principle of bioclimatic house that will fit its environment. So is it a construction that uses hedges to protect against the front of cold wind, or windows that become dark in the sunlight against the surges in temperature caused by the sun.

To this end, the insulation also plays an important role in energy conservation assuming that saving energy, you can save in. To maximize your energy, feel better insulation also.

A central home 

The green house is also an opportunity to host a small power plant in your homeIt is of course far from large hydroelectric dams, and rest assured, your home will not become the scene of a catastrophe like Chernobyl, but in any case, you will have the privilege of producing your own electricity using photovoltaic technology, wind and geothermal.

For a full green building, it is also useful to opt for a water management, such as low-speed facilities or systems for recovering rainwater. A method for recovering your waste will finally complete the project to live with respect for nature while enjoying the financial benefits over the long term.

Everyone does not learn the creative soul, but what is better is within reach of everyone. Flip through magazines of decorations, feel free to move in store for only hear about sellers. Do not hesitate to visit the photo galleries of different Internet addresses of sites for decoration.

Any occasion is good to understand and know that even the top designers are forced to follow the trend. Cut then the magazines, keep a piece of cloth on which you have flashed the photo or download the show on your favorite site impeccable. All these little things can really help you. Remember also that the decoration has its own fashion and trends, then put you up to date, do not reproduce the deco there ten years.

Good color

The element that is most striking, but that can sometimes go unnoticed in the decoration of a room is probably the color of the wallsIn the choice of colors, there are two simple rules to respect for a successful design.

The first imperative is on the destination of the piece to decorate. A room is a place that can have multiple uses, sleep, eat, rest or play. Each piece is then a special atmosphere that affects occupant comfortFor a room, you will not choose such bright colors like orange and redAs a rule, while the soft colors yearn for relaxation and bright colors to tone.

The second rule, but not least, is a small budget report, as the world of decoration, each season brings new trends in color. Unable to change the colors of your walls every season, it is then to choose neutral colors that combine well with other colors. Fortunately, you can unwind on the colors of objects and accessories. Feel free to unleash your extravagance on the curtains and cushions.

Beautiful objects for the house 

The objects and accessories are part of the decoration of a space which is why they require a wise choice. As there are large and small objects that are part of your decor, think twice before zeroing in on a sofa that is certainly beautiful, but is too bulky for your living room and out of fashion by one or two years.

The rule is simple: you let go of small things, but do you remember the big and expensive. Finally, remember that a new design can be an opportunity for the old stuff to make a new life. Do not hesitate then to darken to empty granaries.

The risks your home is exposed to are more numerous than you might think. The broken tiles vandalism to fire insurance, to burglary, any type of disaster can be covered by adequate insurance. The benefits offered by insurance are usually classified into three main categories:

- The basic formulas that are often limited to the coverage of a predetermined number of claims. The insurance may cover goods and furniture, and it will pay special attention when choosing to keep unpleasant surprises at the time of reimbursement.

- The formulas are extended second family coverage. They typically offer a warranty extension, as in your pool or garden, without taking into account all types of risk

- The third option is hedging the risk. This formula supports all types of disasters that can threaten your home. The cost of such coverage are commensurate with the service provided by the insurance company.

The different types of insurance

In the area of ​​housing, insurance can be contracted by residents. By extension, then the owner is not the only person who subscribed. We can identify three types of insurance.

- The owner insurance is intended to all those concerned to protect their heritage. Thus, the building and furniture will be covered in case of vandalism or burglary. The essence of such a formula first is the liability to cover damage that may occur in your home that might harm others. 

- Condominiums insurance is intended to common properties. Generally, a common contract is concluded with an insurance company and covers areas such as the portal, the gardens or the corridor

- The third type is the tenant insurance that allows the tenant to cover its own furniture. This formula also covers the responsibilities of the lessee by the third party liability. This type of insurance can replace damaged or stolen property of the tenant.

How to choose a home insurance?

Home insurance works like all other policies cover loss. Plus you will benefit from guarantees, plus the cost of insurance will be felt. So choose according to your needs

Logic dictates when you analyze your needs first. Then you can compare yourself the different offers on the market or use an insurance broker who steps in your favor. Be aware that some brokers provide free servicesInsurance forms in the long term can benefit from competitive rates. However, short-term options give you more freedom and allow to add regular options as required.

All homes have their own needs and have their own means to achieve their real estate projects. One of the first positive points of the house next door is then easy access they provide. The house shares a common wall with another property. Upon purchase, the house generally has a more affordable price. 

If your project is a compromise townhouse built between two families, each family will participate in all costs that may involve the construction. At financial institutions that provide loans, we notice that the credits are more easily granted. The practice is also that repayment rates are seen better at the organization level.

The substance of the terraced house is to provide greater ease of access to home ownership. On a more objective, while home ownership will relieve the investor of the burden of rent.

Some drawbacks

Despite all the drawbacks few obvious qualities we recognize in a terraced house, he also acknowledges some flaws. All townhouses necessarily imply a similarity between different populations. No matter the party detached to be shared, a wall or garage, you can not get rid of your neighborsIf they are very noisy, sometimes all the noises through the wall.

Note that while most young couples who opt for the middle ground by working with friends and acquaintances to precisely reduce the discomfort. The main defects of the house next fall at this cohabitation and this proximity. However, you can avoid surprises by going to the premises or investigating your future neighbors in advance.

Where to find her townhouse?

For all real estate needs, references provided by real estate agencies are essential. This provider is then one of the first addresses to which you have to tell you the land where their expertise can benefit you. Most agencies can also develop in a climate of complete security. You will be far from the concerns about the relevance of ads. Finally, a real estate agent gives you advice, but it is mainly the media and supporters that it implements which are one of the main attractions of these signs.

As one of the main reasons that lead an individual to opt for the house next door is the question of budget, you can also turn to traditional ads that cost less. You will find the ads in different media such as newspapers, magazines or on the Internet. These ads are usually free and are from individuals. This last point will allow you to enjoy including a price without commission.

The purchase of a building plot may have various origins either as investment or as wealth accumulationIn all cases, the choice of the site must be done carefully as the first criterion is the location of the landIf the purchase is wealth accumulation, it may be that the choice of venue is motivated by sentimental reasons. If you plan to resell the property, however, direct to your choice of places or cities that will be a focus or focal point in the future.

Know that within ten years, the desert area in which you invest may become a thriving neighborhood, or on the contrary, the charming and thriving town you have chosen to invest in a few years will end up becoming desertIn any case, the choice of venue is crucial and proceed carefully, do not get carried away before the first ads that tell you about developments on a budget.

Check out real estate agents 

It is clear that for you in such transactions, the best alternative is the estate agency. These real estate professionals often know the potential of the regions in which they operate. Often, the directory of agencies is responsible. You will have access to a wide selection. You will of course access to all these references, but it is certain that the agency will reserve formulas adapted to your needs to accelerate the process.

It is then very places that will be able to guide you. The benefits you enjoy do not stop there. With the close cooperation they need to talk to landowners in a given region, the agencies are able to provide highly relevant references. Finally, real estate know create a friendly environment in which you operate in peace.

A visit to the agency, it is also a golden opportunity to soak up some of their science. Even without having to use their service, you will discover the rating of the various locations. Peel the pages of ads Hundreds of pages of classified ads can also be a good support to help you find your building land. They are present in different media such as internet media, newspapers or magazines. Due to the large impact that this implies, advertisers are not made then pray to register their titles from the few lines of the journal. 

Their popularity is also the biggest handicap of ads. There are almost too many ads online or in newspapers that the fact of reading tasks quickly becomes very restrictive.

Once the decision, know that despite the best efforts to provide the effort needed to go to the bank that the borrower owes, no institution is likely to provide capital without having heard of debt capacity of the borrower.

Usually banks or financial institution who deigns to grant a loan, debt capacity allows up to 33% of the income of the applicant. The basis of calculation is of course derived from all other charges which may weigh on income. So are the cases of repayment of previous loans or annuity to a person.

If a person earns € 1,000 and a loan relieves current income of € 100, its debt capacity will be 300 €, 33% from 1000 to 100 €

The concept of remaining life

Based on income of the borrower, banks can accept, however, go beyond the limits of 33% debt ratioIndeed, another criterion is taken into account by banks in granting loans, the "left to live"In practice, this concept takes into account the amount available to the borrower once the monthly income will be removed. The difference will then be able to provide the expenses of daily living such as food, accommodation and electricity. In practice if the income of the borrower are important, it is likely that the bank grants him a debt ratio above 40% or 45%.

It is well recognized that the borrower makes a personal share in the credit. The personal contribution is not mandatory. If the investor has such a possibility, it will play in his favor as a decisive element in the negotiations. As loans involve a number of costs (fees, notary ...), a large majority of banks will leave them at the expense of the investor even though the personal contribution is not mandatory. How to find the credit? To find the best credit, only two options available to the borrower. Is it performs the exploration and negotiations in the various financial institutions, or consult with a broker.

If the first method seems tedious, it can nevertheless benefit from a wide selection. If the person has some knowledge of credit, this solution is adequate. However, to minimize the constraints of the process, the second solution is better. The broker will analyze the profile and needs of the borrower and conduct its research in this direction. The expertise and know-how will benefit the broker when the borrower.

Purpose of the tax exemption

The purpose of the tax exemption holiday rental unprofessional is behind an initiative of legislators willing to support the efforts of private real estate investment. Schematically, it all starts with the acquisition of a building in a residential service. As the property is for lease, commercial lease for a term of 9 years will then be signed with an operator of the residenceIt is this provider who will pay rent to the investor's net operating expenses.

The interest of the investor to build wealth by taking advantage of tax cuts that will absorb some or all of the investment. All taxpayers are eligible for this classification. Thus, the motivations of investors can be very diverse, creating wealth at retirement supplement through a savings scheme.

Leaseback as an investment.

An investment is a substantial capital investment in order to benefit from future appreciationIn the case of the holiday rental unprofessional, be aware however, that the investment is not guaranteed. Indeed, any price drop in real estate will inevitably affect the value of the property.

The capital is available, however, because the investor may sell the property at any time. Calculations also show that the investor can expect a rental yield of about 4%In the long run, real estate speculation is permitted, in the hope of future gain.

Nature of the building

To enjoy the tax exemption, the property is subject to certain rulesInitially, the building will serve as a residence services. It will also be new or refurbished over a period of less than 15 years.

The classification of residential service requires a well to provide at least three of the following services: reception, breakfast, linen supply for residents and regular cleaning of public areas.

Generally, three categories of residence are listed among the residences of Service: student residences, tourist homes, and establishments providing accommodation for the elderly.

The tax benefits

The tax benefits of the holiday rental business is not classified in the category of business profits. The investor can then deduct all expenses from the rental of taxable income (interest credits ...).

The great attraction of this approach remains the tax reduction under the Act Bouvard Hundred granting an abatement equal to 25% of the value of the investment without exceeding € 300,000This reduction will be spread over a period of 9 years.

As for the return on VAT, rents will be subject to VAT at 55%In practice, VAT will be refunded with the start of the rental of the building.

The ads

The ads are usually found in newspapers, magazines or websites. You see them every day without really giving any attention. So why turn to them for your apartment search? To answer this question, some may argue that it is a choice ... claims to support, but there are actually several advantages that are recognized and classified ads that can motivate the choice of consumers to turn to this approach.

First, the ads no matter where they are in the newspaper, on a blanket of grain or attached to an old wall, are usually free. To get information, simply access the support. This explains the high profile of this method, which is also a very large number of proposals is identified.

Second, the ads are the vast majority of releases from individuals. Although some real estate agencies also use the media for their reputation, most publications are from the owners themselves. Then you can enjoy a lower price than the rates displayed in branchGiven the popularity of media, you can finally enjoy a wide selection.

Be careful though, it is not uncommon to find some small scams with classifieds. It often happens that once you move to see the property in situ, no consistency can be noted between the photo of the ad and the site. Still, the ads are among the best ways to find an apartment across France.

The experts of the field

If you can afford to offer their services, there is no doubt that estate agents are the best places for your search of apartment. These are indeed professionals present in all cities in France and even abroad, who dedicated their lives to the satisfaction of their customers.

If your choice was to focus on a particular agency, it would probably be for the services it offers luxury. Some brands offer accompaniments indeed worthy of the greatest hotels in the world 5-star service that will ask from you a simple signature. From exploration to the establishment of the final agreement, everything is taken care of by the agency.

Anyway, in most real estate agencies, the reception of the customer is an art in which they undertake to perform. You will be pleasantly greeted in friendly environments that will put you at ease. You will also benefit from the richness and variety of the apartments found in their repertoire. We can then unambiguously speak of field experts.

Behind the scenes of real estate agencies

A real estate agent is for a large majority the place where people come looking for ads, simplyIts substance is beyond the mere façade or the great sign that you see passing by the premises. A real estate agency is primarily a team, and it is then an expert in his field of intervention.

This type of property is indeed composed of several members, who form a. By visiting the premises, you will realize the presence of several advisors, managers and other staff members. These agents are for the most part, on the job to provide you with the ease you need for your confidence-building. The consulting team can also offer their help, support, even in legal disputes.

The agency then is characterized by his expertise, because even those who come to see the day trying to maintain very good relations with landownersIt is indeed well settled that a trust, to fill the directory of the agency. His expertise is also illustrated in the conclusion and negotiation of the best contract terms for its clients.

Comfort and safety

A major difference between you entrust a real estate and peel the ads is the comfort and safety through 'agency approach. Typically, the ads are provided. Any kind of house, accommodation and habitats are found between the lines of adsIt is common to find land, buildings and even shopping.

However, to place you in this mass of information, it is often necessary to sort a very large. At first easy, the work can sometimes take your time, especially if you live in Normandy and you should visit a property in Provence. To select the offers you will often have to call one to one those that seem relevant before finally going to visit the places.

Entrusting you to real estate agency, properties will be presented pre-sorted according to your profile. They can also offer projects to the card according to your budgetWith this method, things will be much less complicated. Besides the obvious time savings you will enjoy with agencies, tours of the properties are left to branches, which lets you avoid surprises.

Research

Like any consumer product before committing to any formula, it is first necessary to perform a search in the state of the art. For prospecting, generally two options: you have the opportunity to meet with advisors to agency or a tour on internet.

Research agency promises to be very interesting, as this puts you in direct contact with a credit expertIf you have sent to your bank, your contact will be one of the best people to advise you, knowing that he knows very well the status of your accountYou'll also be able to haggle some points of your case by going directly to agency.

Side of the canvas, the search is very easy to easily discover the offers of several addresses in a few hours. The majority of schools also offer online loan rates more attractive than traditional banks.

Where to turn?

Still in the research component, be aware that this is not just traditional banks that offer loans. You can also find your mortgage from other financial institutions. Currently, it is the banks, institutions and online insurance companies that are the main suppliers of credit you will find.

Traditional banks allow easier access to credit, but they are not always those that offer the best rates. Online schools, for their part, greatly facilitate access to credit where reimbursement rates are better than those of the bank. But know that they completely exclude the horizon of their risk profiles. Finally, insurance companies also offer real estate loans, which also allows you to benefit from preferential rates on insurance.

The criteria for choice

Despite the apparent ease of access to mortgages, it is best to compare the different variables to get the best deal. The first criterion is traditionally the rate of repayment of the loan. This is actually the gain applied to your credit, that you must also refund to the bankMore rate will be lower, the better.

You can also take into account the additional costs and other opportunities offered by the financial institution. For example it is possible to enjoy a debt consolidation loan as an option on your credit or another formIn any case, take the time to do your homework before you commit. For this, tools such as comparators and simulators you can find online are very good alternatives.

The estate tax exemption

If your logic or your heart looks for this financial approach and have decided to make a future acquisition, one of the best solutions is to entrust the local real estate agencies. You can also enjoy various tax exemptions to amortize your investment.

If the principle is completely alien you, know that the estate tax exemption allows to amortize the value of your investment property. These methods are rooted in the initiatives of legislators who pass laws to promote investment propertyIn general, these laws allow you to benefit from a tax calculated on the value of your investment.

To clarify, if you invest € 1,000 in the purchase, construction or renovation of a building, the state will offer subsequently reduce or erase your income tax for a specified period. This reduction can be a fraction of your investment or a flat. However, there are well-established rules that allow you to benefit from these reductions. All real estate investments can not then claim to benefit. For this, there are different addresses on the Internet that will allow you to pursue the issue.

Agencies, real industry experts

You will find in every town in France estate agents that will give you several advantages, including their market expertise, and their unconditional support for all your projects. As the competition is very fierce in the field, each address uses all its resources to stand out from other. This will be a good opportunity for you, the consumer, to benefit from competition in the services provided, but also the pricing of services.

Why do you say you entrust an agency, when you see the variety of deals on the Internet classifieds sites? Think again! Hosting ads is not the only area of ​​activity of estate agency. Agencies usually work closely with the owners, which is initially a guarantee for the relevance of the property.

They also offer their help to guide you through the maze of paperwork. Note also that in case of dispute, the agencies can give you a hand or to mediate. By visiting the yellow pages, you will be able to find multiple references to agencies and the Internet also abounds in many references ready to serve you.

Finally, nothing prevents you to peel ads to find a house, villa or apartment for saleIf you know anything about the field, the ads can be very interesting and allow you to do very good business. Although there are some references of agencies, the transactions are usually between individuals, which allows you to avoid the agency fees.

Narrow space to accommodate

The choice of furniture to fit into your bathroom is the origin of a better presentation. The provision of sanitary and furniture should actually be studied so that they do not interfere with the proper use of the room. Just choose your equipment based on the shape of your room and the space available.

The cabinet wall for example, allows more space savings while being very practical and defines the shower to allow storage space. The corner shower and corner bath are also able to free up more space. Smarter, use the shower-bath.

Also try not to clutter the floor and hanging plants prefer well as wall fittings. Otherwise, storage techniques according to the frequent use or not allow better management of the room.

Regarding the layout of the room, place the tub at the bottom to a depth of twenty inches, as it is more a reflection of depth and width. The mirror also gives the impression of a much larger spaceHint: it is better to put ice on the width.

Tricks for the reorganization

Available to the bath plays an important role in the management of the available area. For comfort, it is important to free up more space by eliminating clutter and facilitating the flow and accessibility to various furniture in the room.

For rectangular rooms, plan the location of a tub that fits this form. The podium in front, at a height of 15 cm, will also benefit. Always leave a place to put the tools that will help you every dayOtherwise, plan to store furniture. Bathtubs "square" or other similar forms of showers are also practical. Placed in a corner of the room, it adapts easily to the frame and the decor blends harmoniously.

The layout of the room

The development often requires considerable resources and some work depending on the outcome. However, it is sometimes enough to properly arrange the bathroom leading to presentations and an original.

Customize the same time the set without neglecting any detail in mind to assess the space available and the type of furniture to include. And to do this, choose furniture that fits the size and type of bathroom chosen.

Do not forget compartments for storage, each box must be ordered according to priorities and usefulness of each item or product. Thus, you can choose shelves, laundry baskets, rods, towel ... everything you need for a balanced daily ...

The magnitude of the different approaches and means

The first check is to control the budget available for construction of house. This will be determined by the financing in hand, needs, expectations and ways to mobilize. To do this, it is important to use the services of skilled and qualified professional agencies in the area because of this choice will depend on the effectiveness of your project.

It is then necessary to realize the difficulty of some steps to take to be ready for anything. We must therefore examine the expenditures generated and provide early costs of capitalized interest.

In this case, the lender must engage in a course that will be profitable with limited financial means, for example where you have to extend the term of the loan. If you engage in borrowing without capital, investors will be a little reluctant and require more guarantees.

The contratpour get a mortgage

Funding for construction and loan terms are determined in the building lease. It is already regulated by the Code of Construction and Housing.

The lease requires that one who commits should build on the land of the lessor. The duration of it may extend along the length of the case and repayment of the constructionUsually it is 18 to 99 years and must be contract. However, it is possible to reverse the conditions and to stop the lease if the two actants are not able to meet the terms.

Otherwise, the landowner becomes the purchaser of the building if the period of the lease beyond that which does not make him any installment to the lessee. Then the lessor is the owner of the land with the availability of construction whether a contract has not been predetermined for the transfer.

What funding you?

Must first assess the entire cost of construction without neglecting any detail. Subsequently, the question will determine its investment opportunities, considering its many personal contributionsAnd only from these results that must then seriously address the type of loan, rate and duration of funding. However, do not forget to take account of its expenses and borrowing opportunities since it will be also required to assess the conditions of repayment and guarantees.

Once all these steps reconsidered, he may opt for the bank loan with a personal contribution of 25% on averageIt will also have the choice for financial aid including loans at zero or 1% housing loans. Another possibility is the bridge loan, in this case, it is an advance.

Planning regulations

Situations come into play when it comes to construction in urban areas. In this context, several regulations and coordinate your work will determine when the first standards to be considered are first land management. Take into account the borders, edges, boundaries, trees and protect the night sky for the project to follow exactly the standard.

Then there are various regulations affecting the use of land and buildingsIn this situation, it is also essential to obtain a building permit to comply with certain conditions viaAnd any structure outside of this framework requires conditions different from the usual procedure, discretionary regulations governing these specific programs.

But it is still necessary to learn before any commitment to carry out the work. Such regulations are planned for construction in areas of landslide. The building inspectors are the most qualified to advise you.

Location and size of buildings

The implantation conditions are also taken into account. On the same construction site owned by one owner, the two buildings must be separated by three feet.

If the building is bound to build a highway, it is necessary to measure the distance between the building alignment to the nearest. The various conditions and regulations governing this type of installation should be considered. This procedure also applies to all buildings in the vicinity of private roads with regulations to be followed to the letter.

Concerning the limits parcel, with the difference in altitude, distance and they regulate the implantation conditions. But the distances are not less than three meters. Failure to follow these parameters leads to the non-award of the construction permit. The latter is issued for projects that meet the standards and comply with regulations and conditions of settlements.

Sustainable construction and urban environmental habitat

Increasingly discussed, urban planning regulations also provide for the environmental context sensitive approach. Energy conservation is a procedure for prioritized sustainable development in the regions crowded and lively.

Green building is an essential way of construction in urban areas. The use of green materials is only reduced the impact on the surrounding world, but provides some comfort for the occupants of houses. Led projects in that then reduce the harmful effects and pollution.

Construction companies currently have the capacity and competence to manage this kind of process. Buildings and work are facing strict regulations to ensure greater efficiency in building sustainable!

The wall coverings that fit easily into your wooden house

The coating is not only for decorative purposes, it also serves as an insulator and is also the guarantor of the seal and comfort in the home. The different types of siding discussed below are selected for their effectiveness. The composite wood siding is known for its strength: it lasts long enough and does not deform against moistureIt maintains the same structure as the real wood and displays the same elegance. To predict its degradation, the siding should be maintained with stain. Bricks can also be used for protection and can easily be associated with the wood to show a traditional. This clay has many more benefits by reducing the environmental impacts of construction and highly efficient insulationFire resistance is also considerable. The stone cladding provides a facade and an exceptional context. The plaster wall cladding is also a very practical ability as an insulator is indisputableIn different styles and presentation, it allows more ventilation. The installation of the coating on the wood frame.

The wall cladding must be fixed. To do this, follow certain steps, starting with the installation of a rain-which provides permeability and recovered the joints. You must choose according to their resistance to weathering. For fixing, staples and cleats may be useful, but the paper adhesives are ideal for this for the effectiveness of the procedure.

The tasseautage is also a consideration since it depends on the type of siding. Such protection requires a vertical double bracket support, unlike the horizontal installation. To keep the rain-steel spikes used fixer.

The air gap, in turn, provides ventilation and gas exchange, entry, exit thickness and allow more ventilation. These are metal spikes that will keep the blades cladding. For fixation, it is necessary to achieve a certain depth of 10 to 20 mm depending on the materials used and installation requirements.

Some tips

The installation often requires special facilities and special fasteners according to the procedure chosenIt must be ensured of a carpenter as well as effective and durable joints. Openings, construction defects and carelessness are the cause of the failure of the insulation and siding and moisture penetration.

To do this, consider the permeability to air, water tightness and wind resistance. These criteria are to be determined based on location and climatic contexts in which the building was built. The position of each opening and breakpoints also comes into question.

A walk-in shower, what is it?

The walk-in shower has features that allow you to specify it, it is these latter which are the source of the various privileges of useIt does not require specific materials. For the coating, for example, it is possible to use tiles, marble, polished concrete, ceramics ... the choice is yours!

It differs from other forms of so shower since it is close to the ground while being the same height as the floor of the room, but is not necessarily associated with itThe partitions can define the flow of water and systems are adopted to manage. But in order to integrate the various methods to ensure the installation, it is often necessary to raise the shower at a certain height. In this way, the variations and slopes ensure the discharge of water into a compartment or it will be mastered. Custom made, you will then more space to suit your needs.

A shower just convenient and comfortable

Adaptability is the quality of the walk-in shower, it fits easily into the room in which it is intended. It can then be tailored and better space management. Round, rectangular or other, it can even be installed in the center of your bathroom.

It also provides a luxury that is an aesthetic one of its advantages making it more and more covetedIn the corner of the room or along the wall, glass, tile and equipment used will provide more elegance. Besides, you can customize the presentation and add more sets of additional and complementary. You will also at your disposal a wide range of model!

Comfort permit is indisputable: the specificity of the shower makes it easy to access and reduces the risk of accidents. Its ability to integrate other equipment without congestion hosts without problems shower seats or bar recovery. And in addition, regular maintenance will no longer be a problem, it is easy to cleanWhat more?

So ... furnish your bathroom with Italian

The walk-in shower decor blends easily, the important point is its effectiveness in managing the flow of water. To do this, the facility must ensure the effectiveness of the seal. Floor drains, waterproofing screed, slope or receiver to be tiled are all factors to be considered to allow better drainage.

Often without a door, it is necessary to provide fixed walls, because it is more convenient to keep the temperature inside and not to submit to the draft.

The construction contract with delivery plan

The provisions for this type of contract empower the manufacturer for the design and the idealization to carry out the work itself. Models and the proposed plans will be available on the various catalogs for which engages in the process. To do this, you will have a wide selection and get the advice of professionals in the field. These take into account your budget, your requirements, your needs and the quality of the Land.

It is then necessary that the applicant has in its possession and to his name a lot or if an agreement to sell. Get a building permit is also an important criteria for the development of the procedure and work. And before signing the contract, he must have already evaluated the overall price of the building and secure funding. Terms and conditions will be reviewed and endorsed by the signatories will.

Thus, the agreement must include all information that can identify and qualify the field. It must contain and specify the various steps and stages of work to be undertaken to the reception conditions. This obviously includes connections to external networks.

The contract without providing plan

Without provision of the plan, the manufacturer is not responsible for the design of the plan, because his responsibility is more oriented towards the actual constructionHe is responsible for some of the work where it is most often large works, the water off and out of air. The contract is then driven to these specific activities.

To ensure finishes, outdoor equipment inseparable construction, the customer must contact with other agencies. New contracts will be signed and to ensure each procedure. Otherwise subcontracts are also often requested options. In this case, the principal signatory that ensures the transaction, it will therefore contract outsourcing.

The contract for the construction of detached house (CCMI)

The contract includes construction of individual houses all conditions and terms of construction with or without provision of planIt includes the different steps to be taken and details the context and framework within which the work will be realized.

It must provide all necessary information such as terrain or chose different indicators to define. The cost of the entire procedure must also be signedIt is also important to determine in advance the terms of delivery, refunds and payments by including clauses, insurance and guarantees.

To avoid accidents in the home

Children are most vulnerable to the dangers around them constantly, outside or inside of the houseIn the kitchen utensils such as dangerous knives, pots on the stove, oven, micro wave ... and much more so will be away from the hands of smaller (candles, matches, etc.).

However, small and simple gestures can be a great salvation in this room, like turning the handles of pans toward the side not exposed to children. We must also pay close attention to temperatures bottles, baths given to these cherubs. First of all, check the heat on his forearmIt's simple, but sometimes overlooked by nurses. However, the burn is a great danger to these children because their skin is still fragile.

Parents should also pay attention to the dangers that arise in children's rooms, where falls are most frequent in this type of roomIn addition, the bunk bed will be avoided for children under 6 years. Older children should also be careful not to drag their toys that are likely to stifle smaller.

Arrange the pieces in order to prevent domestic accidents

Many boards can be launched to reduce the risk of accidents in the house. Examples are:

• Utilize non-slip mats to avoid slipping,
• use the ranges and son that eliminate all risk of falls due to a collision;
• Choose appliances easily controllable; have spaces wide enough corridors to avoid accidents;
• Informing the best variety of parts, especially the stairs
• Put handrails on the stairs to help older people to negotiate the slope
• Install bars or seat support in the bathroom ;
• Put non-slip mats in the bathtub

Safety precautions for your children

Parents should choose as much as possible following the beds European standards for their children. These include cribs that are spaced between 45 and 65mm.

Places likely to risk of dizziness are also safe for toddlers as the balcony or terrace. The bars safeguards have their cases fairly close spacing to prevent a small child's head being introduced between two bars. As for the windows, they will have a reliable locking system to prevent opening when the grown-ups are not there.

The furniture should also be provided with protective end caps especially on sharp corners. The number of falls on the furniture is actually well above the average.

Knowing what to rhyme the word closet and dressing

The closet and dressing are important pieces in a house to store all her clothes and various accessories clothing. Their provisions may be apparent or hidden between two partitionsAccess is usually operating with a sliding door. However, a house may have a dressing room that opens with a pivot. Their set up can be done in every corner of a house, either in the rooms, the dining room, kitchen or in the corridors.

Side use, the dressing is rarely used in traditional houses since it was only one time that chamber arrangements have to install the storage room.

In addition, the needs of homeowners have also evolved over time hence the appearance of dressing which is just large closets modular. These rooms can also accommodate closets large enough for many costumes and dresses. Sometimes, certain premises have a sink and a towel, enough to stretch out the occupants of the house.

If the storage has previously been neglected in the past, it is currently adopted as a functional piece of decoration discreet but well integrated architecture of his play Mother.

The reasons for making a custom dressing

Achieve the measure allows for a dressing that fits their storage needs, aesthetics and wellness. Specialists in the design closet into account inter alia the current context of the play space with which it plans to add a dressing. Therefore, it must take into account the available height of the surface and other operational parameters specific enough for a house to another.

The current trend seems to match the interior furnishings and interior design. That's why the owners want to make personal ordersIn addition, the desire for originality causes them to make custom, generally more expensiveIn addition, finish will be a little further to the qualities most optimal.

The different types of dressing on the market

Currently, cabinets conventional hinged or sliding doors give way gradually to their places of angles and dressings dressing-cabin. The first occupants helps a lot to gain more space with the possibility of using the corners of room. The second is, in turn, larger cabinets that can be visited by the owner to change daily.

Apart from these models, there are still different kinds of doors tellesles most famous sliding and swing. The first alternative provides a considerable saving of space in a fairly narrow.

The second is advantageous for those who prefer to have an overview of all her clothesIndeed, part of a sliding door can hide certain items of clothing

Choosing the right paint

It must first go find the right paint dealers usual. This is a choice of many types of products. Paints recommended for the coating of exterior facades sontnotamment:

• The synthetic lacquers or paints: this kind of coating can be dissolved with an ordinary hydrocarbon such as white spirit, thinner, etc.It can be dried within 24 h where its implementation easy, but breathe and pollute less than their counterparts.
• The water-based paints: they have water as the solvent and are easily applied. Its colors are quite stable with no odor to the installation in addition to dry quickly without waiting for long hours waiting. These include the various types that are included in this family, such as paint vinyl, latex and acrylic paints. To complete the picture, cleaning easily achieved with water attracts individuals to resort to this kind of painting.

Preparing media painting the wall.

The steps for preparing the walls can be summarized in three points:

1. The cleaning and treatment: it is an essential step to eliminate all dust and dirt on the front of the building. This is achieved using a brush rather rigid, with a special detergent building, paint strippers and other equipment such as ladders. Sealants will be applied on walls in high humidity. The masonry which have mold will be specially treated with anti-foam and anti-mildew. Hardeners, meanwhile, will be used for brittle materials such as old plaster.
2. The filler: it is a system to treat the imperfections of the walls such as screw holes, cracks, etc. To do this, the worker needs to open the crack with a scraper to allow the spackle to adhere perfectly to masonry. It is recommended in most cases the use of coated ready: the paste, the powder is tempered with a little water. The substances used must have good behavior vis-à-vis the adhesion and removalIn addition, for proper application of the material, the use of a knife painter of 5 to 10 cm is recommended.
3. Smoothing: it is a procedure by which the worker applies a thin layer of plaster to a smooth surface ready for painting. The large spatulas or knives are used to coat well for this type of benefit. As for quantities made, it is advisable to spread a layer of 1 mm of plaster on a wall surface of 250 cm.

Painting with an effective technique.

Most people now prefer to make themselves the various renovations and painting. However, they must follow the technical specialists for proper management of materials and timeHere are some tips for that.

• With a brush application: you have to soak the hair on one third of the height to about economics. Also, remove the excess paint from the brush on the edge of capacity. The application will be made with a motion from top to bottom with square shapes whose ideal size is 50 cm square.

With a roller application: you have to soak the material in half in the paint. Roll the material on the grid to spin an even distribution of paint on the surface and remove excess material.

The different types of siding

The designers of coating materials have thought of everything including improved strength and durability of the project. They have implemented a number of studies based on availability of these building components in the wild and in laboratories. Thus, the exterior siding can be in:

• Vinyl: This substance is known for its resistance to shocks and scratches. Buyers can also choose from different colors according to their expectations, without providing any additional touch of paint. The installation must be made with a rather special technique, because the vinyl can not bear climate variations on pain of high wave expansion.
• Aluminum has a range of patterns and colors. The low resistance to impact and scratches, the material is doing quite well compared to climate change. No expansion or shrinkage can be reported with aluminum. Moreover, it does not horehound and is resistant to the harmful effects of the wind that does not go with the vinyl. The appearance of this component of exterior allows for easy cleaningIn addition, the siding can be painted as desired.
• Wood: In the past, this body was not well appreciated by manufacturers because of its wear high humidity. In addition, it can be easily attacked by fungi and termites. However, the treatment given to the wood currently allows high pressure to fight against decayIt can also be tinted at the factory without hiding its natural texture.
• Brick: the coating is composed of clay brick, natural or reconstituted. The pieces are glued on an existing wall to give the wall a brick pattern. The installation method is similar to that of many tiles. This material is available in several colors and can form a solid or perforated according to the needs of its user.
• Stone: a very elegant material among all those used for facades. This alternative seems to be the most expensive on the market. The reasons are many, but the best known are their physical performance, their resale values ​​and their lives long enough.

The acrylic, stucco substitute traditional.

Traditionally, stucco masons used the aggregate to coat the outside of houses. Gradually, changes have taken place in the world of the coating and professionals prefer to recommend to their clients, acrylic coatings with a good resistance to weathering. This behavior is caused by the waterproof property of the material.

The common problem of this type of coating is a little complicated installation that requires the genius of a good workerIndeed, the surface must be as strong as possible to be able to receive the heavy weight of acrylic coatings

Get a building permit

From a logical point of view, the art of designing a building can be done by everyone. Moreover, software consistent with this situation that can help individuals create their own documents required for obtaining a building permit. However, legal provisions require to hire an architect for building a net floor area of ​​over 170 m².

An individual may be an individual application package for a building permit from the Town Hall. This applies to the construction of a house or carrying out the work that have a net floor area of ​​up to 170m ².

Individuals must bring a variety of administrative procedures to obtain their permission for:

• Work on their homes: in particular, have undergone renovations or not an addition, some modifications of the openings, facade improvements, installation of solar and many other activities.
• The development of their land, be it a moving or a realization of a terrace. In addition, the construction of a pool or a fence may well require this.
• Administrative building of annexes: garages or garden shed
• Building a house without the services of an architect
• Building a house yourself

Declaring its work

It is important to note the administration's intentions to carry out workWith a "statement of work", the owner must consider the planning rules in force for a positive endorsement of seniorThis piece is an alternative administrative building permit for the work of a relatively large average

Manufacturers who plan to carry out the work or operations of construction or development should start following this approach:

• The extensions or structures ranging from 20 to 80 m² for their SHOB
• The high buildings, except for wind turbines, which have a gross floor area less or equal to 2 m and a height above the ground exceeds 12 meters
• High walls of more or equal to 2 m
• Swimming pool with a maximum surface area 100 m² with or without covers (mobile or fixed) of a maximum height of 1.80m
• Greenhouses and frames with a height between 1.80 and 4.00 m with a floor area less than 2000 m² in the same land
• A transformation exceeding the gross floor area of ​​10 m² in floor area (excluding area net work)
• The transformation of the exterior facades of a house as the work of cleaning. 

To build a house, so it is important to follow the standards and to take all prior arrangements

A low energy house in a few words.

The house is said to be low power when it saves more energy than it consumes. Thus, well-oriented housing will enjoy a good sun exposure and spend a minimal amount of electrical energy. Bays and various openings are placed so as to get the most sun during the winter when heating is applied rigorously.

Experts recommend then place the pieces of life in the south side while the more technical parts will be placed in the north. In addition, the thermal energy professionals agree to guide individuals in the construction of a building divided into two levels instead of one for an area large enough. Pathetic cases can also lead manufacturers to implement architectural protections such as pergolas and blinds, or plant protection to guard against aggressive action of wind or sun.

A bioclimatic house should have a high thermal insulation of a minimum thickness of 30 cm to best reduce heating requirements. Manufacturers will also require an environmental high airtightness out not to lose the heat already stored from solar radiationVents will be well calibrated to prevent air leaks too direct.

Low power also means the greatest possible savings on all components likely to spend on energy. Thus, all technical equipment will be carefully selected with the correct size as motivation for better performance. These materials are mainly light fixtures, heating and pump.

The specificity of the houses bio

The choice of building a house is a low power dual functionality because we choose to bring in his corner to experience the comfort of life required by the standards. At the same time, our buildings meet the environmental requirementsIn a power saving, the bioclimatic house provides a significant improvement in quality of life of its tenants.

The buildings are well insulated and sealed to provide maximum comfort for users regardless of the climate in winter and summer. Aeration can also help a lot with the objectives of a home environment with the system of controlled mechanical ventilation. Good air flow helps to clean the premises of the negative impacts of moisture.

In addition, the houses will be well glazed area sized for a maximum capture of solar energy to reduce energy consumption. Most of bioclimatic architecture is achieved with such a provision for exposure to solar radiation.

The right materials for a house low power

Many technical parameters contribute to obtain a low energy house. The materials used must allow good ventilation, insulation, heating and renewable energyWith regard to air, it must be renewed at a more or less short cycle for the purposes of hygiene.

However, we must control the air vents to reduce heat loss. For the purposes of solar heaters, solar panels heat or hot water tanks are the most recommended thermodynamic.

Wood and its advantages in the construction

The many advantages of wood used to build a beautiful house, as the material of natural origin is very useful for coating the terrace. A component of wood always delights homeowners because of its ability to accommodate the external image with that of the interior. Used since the dawn of time, this material has survived several generations of building without losing reputation.

From the technical point of view, this substance is famous for its low thermal inertia. This means that a small increase in heat can increase the temperature of the terrace. Side rigidity, there is no reason to complain, because even with fairly rigid nature, it has a flexibility that copy of his or her useIn addition, the texture and appearance of the wood provide a fun unmatched by other materials when tenants move barefoot on the terrace.

Interviews of this type of material may at first be a lock to its adoption. However, it is quite rare to provide care yearly unless the owner uses the wood to its true natural look.

On the financial side, the terraces made with other materials are a bit more expensive compared to those made of wood. This cost includes course construction, preparation, structure, decking, finishing, etc. And compared to other building components, building wood is a fairly quick process that involves less labor and less expense and. 

Classes use of wood and durability

Moisture is the main enemy of the wood, because its high exposure will result in the alteration and the invasion of various biological agents such as fungi and insects. These biological factors can procreate wet, especially in the body of the woods.

The durability of the wood allows for two distinct parameters, namely the external forces which the timber must show strength and moisture which could compromise its life.

Treatments will be recommended to improve the behavior of wood vis-à-vis the main enemies. These products are developed in the laboratory applied to the wood before installation outdoors. This precaution is taken to extend equipment life and at the same time be more economic compared to other materials.

Appeared in the 60's, this type of way to be on the rise the temperature of a house, the floor heating currently many people are interested.

Operation of a floor heating

The floor heating system consists of a network of cables buried in a wall of reinforced concrete with a wire mesh. Powered by an energy source, it is responsible for distributing the heat through its cables.

The cables operate transmitter return through a junction box. This dual function of the cables used to limit the emission of electromagnetic waves that can interfere with the audio-video and computer.

The cable system consists of three types of cables that are each coated to form ducts and metal braids. This also helps to insure against possible shocks and crushing experienced by cables.

The network is then embedded in a layer of concrete or mortar 4 to 5 cm thick.

The unit can be placed on frames, which facilitate the installation, or just down on the ground. The whole is secured with clips on insulator 4 to 6 cm thick.

There are two types of solutions to install this type of home heating medium:

· The floor heating system powered by electricity, the operation is similar to that of resistance.

· The non-electric floor heating here, other alternative energy source is usedHeat pumps, central heating systems that use traditional oil, gas, solar ... circulate the heat in the cables needed.

The contributions of a floor heating

Having this type of installation can quickly be efficientIt has indeed an original mode that allows mainly to save energy.

The floor heating turns rationally through a fair distribution of the heat diffusesIndeed, it automatically detects any changes of air that can occur in parts and then redistributes the heat depending on the situation. This provides a particular advantage for parts where the ceiling is relatively high. Thermal comfort is thus ensured for the inhabitants.

The operation also allows this type of equipment to be reversibleIt can provide the parts to heat during the winter, but also to send cold drafts during periods of high heat.

Main advantage of this technique, space saving clear that we gainIntegration into the ground allows for saving space as traditional equipment are left.

Economically advantageous, this equipment will reduce by 15% according to the heating bill ADEME. As a "green" measures, installing floor heating by the project grants a right to tax cuts.

In addition, air movement or dust are eliminated by the absence of convectionInteresting solution to allergy problems.

Solutions for every room

Three pieces will be the main activity center of a house. This will include the bathroom, bedroom and living room.

Rooms where to make the most of available space to consider several criteria for their development.

The color of the color of the walls can already be considered. Indeed, there are certain colors that used wisely can make the most of his living space. Favor light colors should be chosen, dark colors will not bring sufficient lighting for this.

The furniture pieces must be designed according to available space. Large and imposing furniture in an area of ​​less than 50m² is not the best solution. With this type of furniture, the feeling of closeness fades easily and gives the room a sense of overloadIt is therefore important to develop according to its interior surface.

Several facilities are available to the interior. Elements that fit each type of housing. Manufacturers have indeed taken into account market conditions and individual needs. The practical solutions exist and if there is no inspiration or time to improve their living conditions, dedicated professionals offer their services.

Some solutions are easy to implement

Space is an important condition to ensure ideal living conditions. Several types of solutions exist and are proposed to make the most of space.

The use of mirrors can be a solution to consider. They are indeed perfect means for giving a sense of depth and therefore of magnitude.

The trompe l'oeil effect that can be obtained can be effective if we choose large panels that reflect an image.

In the bathroom, facilities may be considered minimal. There is a certain type of product for. These include for example the so-called shoe small tubs whose length does not exceed 1.20m. There are also Italian showers that do not have a shower pan and give an impression of space by having the original shower screens.

Recall that the location in a bathroom and all other important partsAn adequately prepared to be the place can be effective.

The modular furniture are preferable to fixed elements that can not be changed. Think multifunction is also interesting for those who want enjoy their space. The beds with mattress is equipped with drawers or shelves are interestingAdaptable partitions, the Storage Ottoman ... contribute to the increase of the surface.

Current technology can also do the best for this purpose. The advent of flat screen televisions as well as computers can achieve savings of upIt is important when making your purchases carefully consider all the constraints that can weigh on housing.

The legal requirements for establishing the lease.

Before you can move into a rental, it is important to know that for certain types of lease, a lease must be submitted to the drafting of a contract. The laws specify the nature and purpose and the content of a contract. Learn about the obligations that govern this type of legal acts is necessary.

A lease to be valid must include in particular information about each of the parties, the description of the leased property and the amounts that have been established between the parties. All these parts have to be present in the contents of the contract.

The mandatory information to be contained in the lease include:

• the start date and duration of the lease. 

• the use of the leased space (private, professional, or both).

• the rental price, payment terms and the revision of charges and rates. 

• taxes that the tenant must pay.

• the deposit (if applicable).

• conditions of termination. 

The parties may agree on some optional clauses as they are not contrary to law

The parties may agree on such deposit, the rental period, termination by the realization of a particular condition, the method of payment ...

The incidents of a lease: the inventory

Before taking possession of the lease, it must be established between the parties an overview. This document is required to give a clear picture of the condition of the leased asset and its equipment. This document is mandatory and the parties can not ignore it otherwise to be self-harm in the event of legal disputes. The condition of the premises is an extra precaution for each of the parties involved.

This type of document is established at the beginning of the contract and against-one visit is made at the end of the contract. Two original shall be delivered to each party, the use of a bailiff appointed may be chosen.

Document attached to each lease, the inventory can prove the property that will be givenIn fact, each party comprising housing, will be assigned a box describing the state of good repair in poor condition. This helps to guard against any defects that might impede the enjoyment of the property.

For the owner, if damage is discovered at the end of the tenancy, the inventory will allow him to withdraw the amount necessary to accomplish the work of reinstatement of the security.

For the tenant, this will allow him to disclaim liability for defects either before or after or during the contract period.

The procedure for creating a SCIV or CICS is open and simplified in many ways:

· Easy access, SCI may be composed of either natural or legal persons. One interesting possibility because it opens easily access the composition of an internationalHowever, the activity of the company must be limited to non-commercial activities and construction of properties held for resale only. Where appropriate, the shape of the SCI must be adapted to what the partners want to do.

· Rules on capital simplified: the meeting of the capital of SCI is extremely simplified to allow the proliferation of this type of structure. Creation is such not subject to the full release of capital. This release can be done progressively during the life.

The amount of capital is set at an amount determined. There is no minimum capital.

· One of the benefits of ICS is that it allows everyone involved to have a separate taxation. The corporate tax is abandoned in favor of the perception of the net profits of each, based on the payment of income tax of each partner. This allows fair treatment irrespective of situation.

· Invest in a SCI does not commit the partners to hire staffIndeed, all activities of the company can be set by the partners themselves. This allows the group to get rid of possible payroll.

The operation of the SCI can therefore be seen as flexibleIn addition, the operation meets only a few relatively simple requirements: the presence of a manager or more and a General Assembly representing the shareholders.

The rules on company law apply in respect of the shares, dissolution and all activities associated with the existence of a company.

· During the assembly phase, the necessary legal steps to traditional societies may be disregardedIn particular, the use of a notary or a lawyer is optional.

The use of a notary is required only if a partner makes a contribution in kind of such land or building. The SCI is subject to the provisions of lawAlso during this stage, the status of the SCI can be written by private deedWhich greatly facilitates the process of creating. However, the formalities of registration and registration with the RCS must be met

· The creation process can also be done for some time online. Registration with the Commercial Courts may be relieved by the use of Internet. Solution that also facilitates the creation by eliminating the need to move.

Wind: How it works

Man has been using since the dawn of time the wind. Renewable energy and available depending on the area and weather conditions, they may represent an interesting alternative. Many countries have already adopted this type of energy such as Denmark that uses this type of energy to meet 16% of its electricity needs.

The operation of a wind turbine or rather is based on a transformation of the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical or electrical energySo everything works by moving an air mass.

A wind turbine is composed of several elements, but whose work is influenced by the rotor blades which are attached and the electrical generator which is responsible for the transformation of the energy obtained by the movement of the blades.

Energy production is a function of wind speed. It may therefore happen that at times there is peak production or productions very low or no.

Wind turbines manufacturers are optimized to take advantage of medium strength winds that are most often short. This speed corresponds to wind speeds of 50km / h over, either internal or external stop or hinder the operation of the blades to prevent damage to equipment.

Wind turbines for individuals

Address the constraints and consumer demand, wind turbines for home use have been put on the market.

Easier to install, they certainly take up less space but suffer as a result a decrease in production. The importance of the surface to allow the installation depends on the size of the mast and weather conditions of the place of implantation. Know all the same as for efficient use, the distance is important.

A residential installation will produce an average of a few kilowatts for use for a few brief parts of a dwelling. However, it can be used to reduce its energy bill making it still an interesting ecological solution.

The domestic installation is subject to obtaining an administrative permit if the mast is over 12m. A lot of paperwork and procedures necessary to include the installation. The advice of local authorities, the direction of Public Works, Civil Aviation ... is required prior to carrying out the work.

The design ideas that installing this type of equipment produced some unpleasant noise around. While this is relatively true, builders and manufacturers improve their products to reduce the inconvenience. To be courteous to its neighbors, it is always necessary to inform them of the project.

Solar Panels an economical alternative

The water heating by the sun is a solution that can take advantage of solar energy for a specific installation of solar panels.

The facility is responsible for storing the solar energy captured by thermal panels and will produce hot water. This type of installation can be reduced up to 90% on energy costs.

The operation of this type of installation is relatively simpleIt is based on the flow of a fluid peddler who will carry the heat absorbed by the solar panels to a water supply tankHeat is distributed through a heat exchanger.

The storage tank can be combined with a traditional heating element for periods of low sunlight.

The installation of solar water heater can be made by either hiring a professional representing an average of € 6000 or they can even be brought up, the cost of materials equivalent to approximately € 1500. It is advisable in case of self-installation to use the advice of a professional businessAn opening statement site obtained from local authorities is necessary for carrying out the work.

What can a solar water heater give you?

A solar water heater is interesting in every way. However, we must choose the installation that takes into account the environmental constraints of location, that is to say, sunny conditions. The use of this energy takes a responsible attitude to environmental protection because the sun is a free, renewable energy available in quantity.

Manufacturers offer two types of water heaters based on the needs and constraints of each building: those natural circulation and boiler forced circulation.

A solar water heater allows for energy savings but also to obtain grants or tax credits interesting.

Easy to install, or even to make, the performance of this type of development is based on your location. Depending on the area, they can produce enough energy to produce between 70 and 40% of heating energy. Particularly attractive in summer, autonomy for hot water needs is fully insured. Everything depends on the region.

We can use this energy source regardless of the orientation of the house, however, for low-exposure areas the advice of a professional is needed to get a better rate of sunshine.

Installing a solar water heater can save on average up to 450 kWh annually. This represents a decrease of the energy bill consistent.

In addition, this equipment brings additional value to the construction. So we can say that despite a relatively high cost, the installation of solar panels to produce hot water quickly becomes profitable.

How to turn his house into passive house?

The transformation of a house to house passive response to a simple requirement: the reduction of at least 80% of energy consumption or at least to give the character of energy self-sufficiency in heating.

The challenge is therefore situated in achieving this goal of energy conservation. This requires in particular the reduction of heat loss but also by increasing the efficiency of renewable energy.

To achieve this type of renovation, four basic points should be considered:

· The thermal insulation: it must be installed and thought in order to reduce the presence of thermal bridges. For maximum efficiency, insulation will be installed on the outside of the building.

· The breakdown: it is important or even essential in a home to focus on passive ventilation of the building. And install double-flow ventilation can ultimately prevent heat loss through openings such as doors and windows. VMC provides a conventional exhaust stale air and the renewal of clean air.

· The openings: the main sources of heat loss, the openings (windows, skylights ...) must be completely isolated with methods such as double or triple glazingIn addition, they must be properly oriented to take advantage of solar radiation.

· The air tightness of the construction

Advantages of a passive house.

The passive house is a solution for reducing energy consumption among manyIt represents an effective solution as regards heating and the distribution of the energy.

It provides, due to the decrease in energy consumption, a certain independence from fossil fuels. The traditional energy sources are generally oil and its derivatives.

The passive house can also get a better management of hot air while balancing the internal temperatures. The air circulation in a closed circuit also prevents the growth of mold or moisture. The modification of glass guarantees in addition to the reduction of heat loss, a significant sound insulation. These windows can also participate with the proper installation of energy storage.

It is true that the implementation of such works at first seems important. However, the added value and the energy efficiency provided by the facilities will be reflected in part on the property value but also on the energy bill.

The state also gives houses of this type of special aids such as tax credits or loans to do the work. The only significant green renovation is to pay attention to the specific techniques of this type of installation. All miscalculations or implementation may undermine the objectives of a passive house.

1 Choose the fuel

The use of biomass energy heating can become profitable quickly. It is the user's choice to perform properly on the installation and use.

To the use of a wood boiler to replace traditional boilers, several alternatives may be available to you.

Wood is one of lignocellulosic biomass as well as straw, hay ... It can be used as a log, pellet or wood chips. The granules made of sawdust and shavings, on the wood chips, it comes in the form of chips or small pieces.

To choose the best type of wood you use, the certificate of attestation is necessary for sustainable an ecological approach.

2 Multi-energy solution

The installation of a wood boiler can easily replace the use of traditional boilersIn addition, it can be combined with several other types of boiler to increase efficiency and more savings

The boiler to biomass energy can be arranged in parallel with a traditional boiler or oil to logIn both cases, the installation of two boilers can take over without a break for a heating.

3 Types of boilers

There are two types of boilers as the case may give you more or less effective depending on your needs and your budget.

There is what is called natural draft boilers and boiler forced draft.

These natural draft is used as a replacement source because they are not interesting in the long term. They consume a lot of wood to a relatively low efficiency. The only advantage is drawn from the fact that they settled without tank.

Forced draft boilers are more interesting for theirIt reduces fuel consumption but produce the same amount of energy.

4 Take into account all the criteria of the construction

The installation of a wood boiler varies depending on the propertiesIt will not be identical in all casesIn addition, a certain area is required if the presence of a buffer tank is requiredIn any case, make sure that the provider takes into account all the parameters in quotes.

Also provide a space for the storage of fuel for an easy and immediate access.

5 Compliance

The installation of wood heating can benefit from tax incentives such as tax credit. However, certain standards a condition for obtaining these. The tax credit ranges from 22% in the case of first-time buyers to 36% if it is a replacement of an existing station.

Mode of operation of a biological swimming pool.

The operation of a biological swimming pool is simpleIt is based on the natural purification of natural aqueous environments such as pools, ponds, lakes.

The operation of this system is based on the purification of the components of the bathing water. The pool is organic and divided into two distinct areas: the swimming pool and lagoon area or area regeneration.

The water treatment is therefore in the second pool where the water is purified by micro-organisms that digest organic materials to make them consumable for plants. This basin contains a particular land covered with pebbles or lava associated with water jets to maximize plant respiration. It also contains a microcosm plant that will serve as the multiplication of bacteria purifying.

The plant environment is composed of several types of plants that depend on the choice of installation. Typically found reeds, yellow irises and rushes ... These plants can be broadcast either oxygen or water purification.

Alternative to traditional chemicals of conventional pools, pool biological reduces the environmental impact of such a facility on the environment.

The idea is to combine wildlife for use leaving a trace on the ecosystem.

The interest of a biological swimming pool.

The main interest in the biological swimming pool is the lack of use of chemicals such as chlorine and its derivatives.

The natural pool offers a host of significant advantages making it an attractive choice. This is seen particularly in terms of its use, but also in terms of comfort it offers health to its owners.

In addition, a natural pool blends perfectly with the natural environment that surrounds it and can enjoy the biosphere around developing a healthy natural environment.

Additional benefit derived from it is saving water and electricity because the process works on a principle of osmosis in the movement from one basin to another through channels and pipes linked.

The water that is required for this type of installation may come from the storage of rainwater. The usual constraints, such as winter, also decrease. The pool during the winter turning into component approval without the need to cover it.

Even if the pool does not require any chemical treatment, will be required by the appeal against fertilizer and maintain it in a little gardening. Construction costs are reasonable for an amount which can vary from 750 to 1000 euros for a size of 1000m².

However, you may encounter some drawbacks in its use light. The water can be heated beyond 24 °, because the plants may dieIt is also necessary to expand the capacity of the basin each year for filtering at least 50% every year for optimal use.

This is a general list, of course you can add your own additional questions you can ask your provider

· Establish a concrete project and expectations

Step overriding the implementation of your project, you need to know in advance what you want. This first step will give you a concise approach to what you really want. The choice will then according to your needs, your expectations and your budget. You can then decide whether the use of a building with or without provision of plan is best suited.

· Well choosing the land

The land is part of the essential elements of the project. The use by a professional is recommended to determine if the land is buildable and corresponds to the size and needs of the project. It should include taking into account the geological, physical and administrative constraints as well as the total cost of the land taxes and other costs.

· Make use of several providers to compare quotes

Once your project well in mind, you can get started in finding a provider in home construction. For this, the submission of the project from several manufacturers can be useful. This will compare the various talking points, but also to choose the best, inquire about the financial health of the company.

When choosing the provider, it is also necessary to refer to the financial guarantees it. Indeed, the law requires subscription to a number of insurances. This requires that the manufacturer is able to meet its obligations.

· Select the manufacturer best able to fulfill its mission:

It is here important to have as much information as possible concerning the implementation of the construction project: the implementation of the work, tracking, delivery ...

More in this section, we will also seek to verify the various approvals and permits before this.

· Get ​​references on the provider

You may ask some manufacturers customer references with whom they have been in business relationship. The information gained can yield clues to problems, with solutions.

Alternatively, you can get information from internet forums, you know ... It is vital to have as much information about the selected company .

· Check the contents of the construction contract

Since 1990, it is mandatory to establish a construction contract for the construction of more than 170m ². Turn on the written record provides protection in case of prosecution for failure to perform obligations. Such a contract contains all the requirements for the construction: the performance of work, delays, warranties, price and payment methods ...

Why hire an architect?

Many individuals rely on an architect simply because they are obliged to do their building with a floor area or floor area net work out of more than 170m2Apart from this case, few would require its interventionHowever, the tasks of an architect is more than important in building

The role of the latter is not only in designing the plan of the house depending on the lifestyle of the future ownership and financial conditionIt can also act as owner representative by being entrusted with missions more or less numerousIt can also be used to assist and advise in the selection of materials and construction companies

The architect can also act as site supervisor inspecting and controlling the successful completion of the construction projectThis allows to carefully monitor whether the payments required by the companies are really adequate to the workHis intervention may even extend to the delivery of the building and beyond:

- Assistance and advice on conditional reserves must be included in the minutes of the delivery of the work

- Filing of the declaration of completion of construction at the Town Hall

Professional responsibility of the architect is initiated following the recognition of defects after the date of receipt of the buildingIndeed, it is subject to the ten-year warranty that covers all injuries affecting the consistency of the remains and the guarantee of a better functionThese facts must be discovered two years after delivery of the book

In general, the cost of engagement of an architect is around 6% of the value of construction

How to choose an architect?

Construction and even renovating your home require the intervention of a good architect to make it successfulThe choice of this player should not be taken lightlyIf possible, it is more convenient to hire a professional living near the site of the new constructionWhich facilitates the control of the performance of work, trade and travel

We must also know the latest achievements of the architect in questionThus, the person will know if it will have the ability to adapt to their aspirations while making personal ideas

To find a good architect, contact a number of specialized agencies in this area is also an important stepThey must send a request to the developing nature of the project, the field related to their involvement and financial means in handA non-exceedance must accompany this application

After choosing, you must meet with the professional commitment and give him the necessary documents allowing him to have details of the project wanted

Roommate: General

Co-location can be defined as the act of rent to two or more single-ownerPeople who rent are all called to be copreneurs or roommatesThe goal for them is having to pay a rental fee for an affordable home can give a perfect living environmentBut the regulations in this area requires a good choice of roommate

These regulations may change depending on the destination of the rented housingIf it is furnished, it will be the provisions of the Civil Code that will be appliedHowever, until recently furnished colocationThat's why there are no specific regulations in this area

The parties may then agree to organize their relations to the extent of compliance with the provisions of the Civil Code, del'ordre and public moralityThe only requirement outside of the Civil Code is the requirement to any landlord to provide a housing providing a pleasant living conditions for tenants statutory Solidarity and urban renewal of December 13, 2000

If it is an empty house, there will surely be under sections public policy of the Act of July 6, 1989This law covers the area of ​​the lease regardless of the destination housing colou

Landlord and tenant: their respective

The parties' obligations under a contract of collocation are required by law of July 6, 1989 in Articles 6 and 7The 6 on the owner'sFirst, it must submit to giving tenants a home to live with agreeablenessHis other most important obligations are:

- Maintenance of the rented and leasehold non-essential repairs

- the acceptance of all improvements made by tenants if the development in question does not transform the home or rented space

- the issue of release Free or received roommate who requestsSection 7 of the Act lists the various obligations of tenantThe latter is required to pay the rent and charges recoverable when provided for this purposeIt must use the rented accommodation so as not to cause disturbance to tenants and neighborhood homes and around homes

The tenant must also repair the damage sustained by the good colou for the duration of the contractBut the damage due to acts of God are not subject to this ruleIt must support the maintenance of normal housing, participation in expenses related to development of common, prior notice to the tenant before a transformation on the leased property, and insurance risk rental

Wood and straw

Wood is the building material with the oldest mudHowever, the use of mass building nearly halt its developmentFortunately, awareness of the importance of building an environmentally friendly, several European and American incite their people to use it for all new construction

It has many advantages, including the fact that it is an energy saverMoreover, it is a good insulator that can collect less dissimilarities between the temperature of the surrounding air and the walls of the dwellingPlacing it at the top of the list of the best green building materials

It is also known for its agreeableness as it causes less risk of allergies and insect populationIn addition, it does not require a lot of interviewsThe form of construction with the most used material is wood framing that allows a home to have more tenacity against earthquakes

This type of framework can also be designed with straw as the main materialIt's been 100 years building a straw was found first in the United States, NebraskaThis is now beginning to be adopted due to its high fire resistance and performance in terms of thermal insulationThe building made of straw is not only saving energy, it is also silverIndeed, the price of a bundle of straw is only 2 euros

Other materials

Some types of bricks are as environmentally friendlyThis applies to those used in the countries bordering the Sea of ​​Nordcomme England and IrelandThere is, for example, clay brick, which is designed with clay fired at high temperatures and compressed

This is categorized into hollow brick and solid brickThe latter is less used in the construction of a house for their heavyThe clay bricks are renowned for their high thermal resistance and the convenience they offer

Brick monomur, meanwhile, is more expensive than the previous one, but it offers a more favorable thermalThis material is more breathable than the clay brick because of microbiles that are attached during cooking

In addition, there are two types of bricks are of great importance in the construction écologiqueà namely:

- Sand-lime brick

- brick compressed earth

All people who want to build a green home may choose as a building material, concrete HempThe latter, as its name implies, is made with hemp, a plant that exists on the European continent and is known for its robustnessIt is the same for the "cellular concrete"

Generality of this law

The law is a text Scellier tax is applied on French territory since the beginning of 2011Its provisions relate to persons who own a new house recently built or acquired housing not yet completed in the future stateThe reform of this law also applies on:

- Premises converted into housing

- housing redesigned

- the subscription share Specialized REITs

However, ownership needs to be dated 1 January 2009 to December 31, 2012Before the interval temporary, the regime of depreciation will be applied while the PTZ + is to be used in any geographic area FrenchIt should be noted that the Scellier can not be applied in Area C as it applies only to municipalities and cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants

Scellier law can not be adapted to housing not meeting the environmental requirements for all housing in FranceMoreover, it is necessary that the performance of the work is dated last day of the second year following the year of the permit application to construct or purchase of local

The application of this law also requires compliance with the two rules are:

- Housing should be allocated to a lease for a bare minimum period of nine years as a principal residence

- the monthly rent does not exceed certain price per m2

Tax benefits provided by this text

The law establishes a reduction Scellier represented as a percentage of the cost of the dwelling with a maximum amount of 300,000 eurosFor investments made during the year 2011, the rate is only 13% of homes ordinaryBut if it is a low-energy housing, there is an increase in the rate to 22% for that year

The distribution of this reduction is equal to serving for a period of nine years from the year of purchase of the dwelling or the completion of theThis period is extended to all contracted investments during 2010, but have been made in 2011

If it is a dwelling in which the date of the booking contract and the signing of the instrument is determined by the end of 2010, it has a label or not to BBC, the Scellier provided a rate of tax reduction accounting for a quarter of the costThe date of the booking contract is that in which there was signed at the notary's commitment to a real estate investmentIt can also match that of the time of subscription to the tax domicile of the owner-lessor

PTZ +: What is he?

The PTZ + is a mortgage that does not require payment of loan interest and feesIt brings together the three previous devices ready and even brings improvements in this areaAll loan offers sent from the month of January 2011 can receive application of PTZ +

However, it can be applied to all the people who already own their primary residence the previous two yearsThe device is primarily intended to facilitate the access of households to middle and low income in a project of building construction that will be their main residenceThere is no cap resource allowing many families to buy their own home

Monthly payments are lower and easier access to loansThe PTZ + provides funding of up to 40% of the purchase or building construction, and at a zero rateThe importance of the value of this funding takes into account many facteurstels that:

- The geographic location of the property

- its energy performance

- its composition and equipment

In France, there are four geographical areasIn the first called "Area A" classified the megalopolis of Paris, the French and Genevan some areas of the Côte d'AzurIn the "Area B" are all conurbations with more than 250,000 inhabitants and all the major cities most expensive Corsican and overseas as well as cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants and municipalities expensive French coastOther locations not classified is categorized in the "Area C"

The importance of the value of loans follows the order of this classificationIt should be noted that the device is accessible only in credit institutions have agreed with the Government

Tips for choosing a home loan

To accomplish its real estate project, a person is often called upon to apply for a loan with a borrowing institutionHere are some tips to help get a good offer:

- Master all the concepts, the language and regulations in force relating to conduct negotiations with the borrowing agency - While demonstrating the body's ability to make a refund in deciding an important personal contribution

- Refer to preliminary list of existing loan deals

- Find the best deal is going around schools, or through a broker or resorting to Compare - Take into account not only the credit rate, but also TEG

Changes in materials and equipment

A house BBC, as its name suggests, is a home less energy both in hot water, heating and cooling, ventilation than lightingThis new form of construction has made many changes that have not been observed with the standard RT2005First change noted, the trend of more and more people to adopt solutions woodIn fact, over 60% of the cases follow the path of these solutions

Most elements of this new form of construction are wooden citing only the floors and wallsIn fact, this material provides optimal thermal insulation for new housing builtSo even if it is built of brick or concrete cell manufacturers still use wood for a good interior insulationIt should be noted that since early 2011, it is required for any manufacturer to claim the label BBC before starting workThis has made a gradual improvement in the design of the home

If equipment previously greenhouse joules have been installed for heating, it is no longer the case with the standard BBCIn fact, over 90% of households want to replace them with other equipment or gas heat pump water or airFor the production of hot water, solar thermal is now beginning to be abandoned in favor of the thermodynamic systemAs for ventilation, a large proportion of applications for new constructions prefer VMC humidity controlledFinally, the gas takes up more space than the electric water heater

Home BBC: financial benefits

Access to the building in accordance with standard BBC is becoming easier, not to mention the number of financial benefits associatedDue to the PTZ + implemented since the beginning of 2011, it is possible to benefit from a larger loan by building a house a regular BBCIn addition, since the same date, all real estate investors benefit from a BBC tax cut with a home non-BBCRegardless of PTZ +, it is even possible to obtain additional financing at preferential rates in credit institutions in favor of construction projects environmentally friendly

Other benefits are manifested especially once construction is completed or acquired remainsThe most important is the fact that there is less in terms of energy consumptionMany professionals argue that the construction energy costs in buildings BBC Type A are around 125 euros in hot water and heatingThis is a real economy in the long term

1-Follow your instincts

The decoration is a matter of taste and intuition, that is why it is necessary to follow their instinctsHowever, an obstacle can stand in front at the final choice is the priceWhile it is essential to choose according to their needs and tastes, the main factor is, in fact, the budget is for purchases of accessories designed to enhance the decor of the houseTo save money while having parts and original equipment, it is best to choose contemporary stylesIn addition, the mode tends to the old things today with the retro style that is increasingly the rage these days

While the choices related to purchases must be made according to certain criteria, most importantly, however, the feelingsMost buyers choose, in fact, for objects close to their heart even if they exceed their budget a littleHowever, it should be very careful because it can start very strongly the Family Finances

2-Opt for quality

Most consumers believe that an item is more expensive over there is goodThis is normal when taking into account the valueIt should be noted that this does not apply in all areas, as it is possible to find original parts and very good quality at reasonable pricesTo find these objects, it is recommended to make a little side tour to merchants who offer chips often objects of decoration quality, but that does not cost too much

3-Think carefully before buying

Although it has been said before that he was following his instincts in his choice, it is by cons review and assess the situation before embarkingA person can buy with his heart, but can be appreciated from the room or item she bought can not be used to decorate the houseIt is therefore important to choose items that conform to the style of decoration to be chosen

4-Examine all possibilities

Make comparisons is essential before choosingTo do this, you should visit different shops to both because it is possible that the price is not the same from one shop to anotherHowever, it should still be careful, because by dint of comparing and trying to find the lowest prices, it may be that they leave without buying anything because they could not decide

5-Ie find the right stuff

The best way to get quality items is to become familiar with the managers of shopsThese can, in fact, advise clients and they may offer them rare itemsHowever, it is often necessary to pay up money to get themTo find the right stuff, it is also important to go to fairs, exhibitions, libraries of Art ...

Some types of garage door

There are different types of garage doors that meet all the needs and expectations of the owners of the house

First, there's sectional doors which are mainly used to optimize the space in the roomThe latter, indeed, the distinction of being placed on the ceiling when openedIt also has a necessary mechanism to improve the safety of owners and other equipmentThis mechanism is primarily used to detect obstacles that may ariseThey come in all colors and is made with different material

After sectional doors, there is the prestige model + is made from pine or PVCThe insulation is optimized because it is generally 40 mm thick which is injected polyurethane foamThe owners of the house can choose the motorized model, but for a limited budget there is always the manual operation

The choice can be worn on a door in which Muslim lacquered aluminum is added 19mm of polyurethaneThis type of door also has an electric motor that does not harm the neighborhood that his wound is very quiet

Finally, there are doors that can be built with fir or PVCShe is best suited for homes that have a large space in front of the garage that is opening to the outside

Optimize the isolation of the garage

Although the style and design are key factors in consumer choice, the most important, however, will be the insulation of the roomGood insulation will, in fact, to avoid the inconvenience that might be caused by the neighborsIf the house is on the roadside, a good insulation of the door is also very important against the engine sounds of passing cars

With this in mind, companies that offer this type of product are trying to find the best possible to optimize the thermal and acoustic insulation of garagesFor this, the thickness of the door and the material used are key factorsThere are even those who choose to inject polyurethane on the inside of the doorThis concerns mainly the sectional door has the distinction of having the polyurethane inserted between the inner and outer walls of the gateThe insulation of doors can also be optimized by the use of insulation kitsThese consist of plates having a thickness of 20 mm and are usually made of polystyrene

How to limit his field

There are three ways to proceed with the boundary of a property:

- The first is the boundary by agreement and for that, owners should be based on the documents they have in their handsThese documents can be a title, a register ... The people who own the land may make an appearance at the boundary itself, and if they can send their representativesAt the end of the operation, confirming a plan must be established with a deedThese will then be presented to the mortgage officeIt should be noted that the costs that will be necessary for this operation shall be the responsibility of all stakeholders

- It is possible to hire a surveyor to look after the boundary of a propertyThis practice is most used and most secure because they are professionals in dealing with all the operationPeople can therefore challenge the results that may showTo the best result possible, the surveyor should examine all documents related to the fieldMeasurements and assessments should then be undertakenThese will be used to prepare a report of demarcation and the owners will have to affix their signatureThe remuneration of the surveyor is the responsibility of those who use its services

- The last method for the demarcation of land boundary is the JudicialAs the name suggests, the court will rule on the boundary conditionsThis step may be required by one of the owners and that justice will be responsible to hire a surveyorThe latter will therefore be investigated in order to define the property in the best

The judge will also determine the responsibilities regarding the payment of costs related to the transaction

When do you need to undertake a field boundary to the boundary's should be made to the following conditions:

- A private property whether or not a building

- a contiguous land

- land belonging to different owners So it is the land lying side by side who must be boundedHowever, even if they do not touch but are separated by private roads, stream or trail, the boundary should also be madeBy cons, if the property is separated by a road for public use, no demarcation should be made ofThe same applies to navigable rivers, lines of railway or a municipal land

1 - The start of work

The work will not start if a contract was not signed by the partiesThe agreement was signed by the Contracting Parties shall also provide the date of start and end of the siteIf the contractor does not start on time, he must pay damages that may result

2 - Determine the actor who will pay for unexpected

The price has been fixed shall not be modified along the way except by agreement of the contracting partiesThis is mainly done to ensure the safety of the prime contractor in case of problems related to unexpectedIf such cases arise, additional fees must be paid and it is essential to determine in advance who will ensure that paymentGenerally, the manufacturer must undertake to pay the fees that are intended to finance the unexpected

3 - The site visit

The contract is the document that must govern all actions to be undertaken during the project constructionThe customer will not have the opportunity to make a site visit if this is not stipulated in the document that was signedBy law, in fact, the manufacturer is solely responsible for the site until the property was not deliveredHowever, there are some remedies that can be used by the future owner of the house to ensure the project's progress

4 - Payment of the manufacturer

The payment of the contractor may be made by échelonnementet generally it is as follows:

- 10% is paid as security before the commencement of work - 15% of the amount is paid after completion of foundations - 20% is paid after completion of wall and roof - After the installation of windows and doors the donor must pay 15% of the total - 15 and 5% are respectively paid after the installation of plumbing, heating and receipt of good

5 - The reaction to have in case of problems

In most cases, if a problem arises during the project, both parties are trying to find amicable solutionsThis is done in order to ensure the project comes to an end in time that providedIn the case where there is no consensus found by the contractor and the contractor, they must enter the appropriate authority who will decide

6 - Upon receipt of the property

Arrival at the date of the end of the site, the mastery of the book expecting to receive well in terms that have been stipulated in the contractThe future home owner must carefully check every corner of the house in order to detect the smallest defectsIf the property is in line with expectations, a report shall be prepared and signed

Materials to be used

There are three basic materials that can be used in the manufacture of a window to homeTheir use depends on the needs and expectations of the owners of the houseThey have also the possibility of using two materials together by selecting one for the opening that is to say, the isolation and one for the internal structure

The first material that can be used is aluminum and in this case, it is possible to choose between two models: the model chic and contemporary styleThese advantages are its perfect adaptation to the windows of large sizes and openings slidingAs disadvantages, the material is quite famous in the market so that selling prices are quite highIn addition, aluminum is also very powerful in terms of insulation

The wood is also used in the construction of windows for a buildingIt has as main advantage its low conductivity which allows for conditions of high performance insulationHowever, its main drawback is that it is easily degradable which requires regular maintenance

There are also plastic windows that have the distinction of having a low price that can be handled easily because of its weight is very lightPVC is not recommended for very large openings, but it is very good at the insulation, but also in terms of maintenance

Chosen according to the glazing

Professionals in the field offer different types of windows that are suited to all budgets and all needs of consumers

They are thus able to choose the double-glazed window that consists of a glass with a thickness of 4 mm on average, air is thicker than 16 mm and a second glass of the same thickness as the first

There is also double glazed argon with the same operation as the first except that the air is replaced by argon

Triple glazing can also be an appropriate choice because the insulation is increased with the installation of three windowsHowever, it will not be what everyone will get one because its price is very high

Make a choice depending on the type of openings

Different styles are available on the market in terms of opening the windows

- There is for example the French overture which has the distinction of opening to the interior of the roomThis style has an opening up to 100% resulting in a better room ventilation

- Openings are also quite interesting slidingIf before, they were mainly used for cooking, today they occupy every room in the house

- The opening tilt and turn has the same function as the French, but differs in that it is possible to switch allowing good ventilation of the room while keeping the inaccessibility of the latter

How to decorate a bathroom retro?

The first thing to do to decorate your bathroom in a retro style is to get a retro bathtubWhat makes the charm of the latter are his feet in the shape of lion paws with acanthus leaves orThis kind of tub can be built with different materials, there are made of cast iron, other acrylic or steelThe average size of a bathtub back is 180 x 80 cm, it is much more heavier than the new modelsTo get them, you must go to a collector or to build a model agreed with the

The floor tile is also very important in decorating a bathroom retroSeveral choices are presented to stakeholders so they can choose between a natural stone floor or opt for the installation of a parquet or checkeredThis choice is on the floor, it is preferable to opt for the white model subway that is the style that truly reflects the retro

It should also pay particular attention to the furniture and accessories to put in the roomRegarding the first, it is preferable to opt for wooden furniture that can be molded then painted according to the taste of the ownerInstalling a vanity in the bathroom would also be a great asset in optimizing the retro styleAs for accessories, there first must be the mirror, preferably, have a gold frameOne way of highlighting the slightly older of the room would also choose porcelain

In addition to these three criteria, one must also consider other factors such as:

- The lighting in the room

- The bathroom

- The fittings

- ...

Bathrooms neo-retro

This type of bathroom is unique in offering a room with a retro-art equipmentSo this is to mix the old with the new so it is possible to keep his passion for watches things intact while enjoying the evolution of new technologies

From this perspective, the main facilities of the room should reflect the old style bath including a feedback that can be arranged at the center of the room and is adorned by a gold-colored fittingsHowever, there will still be the installation of hi-tech equipment such as double jet shower, for example

To choose between three types of cuisine

Generally, it is mainly women who opt for better management of its cuisine that more and more men are attracted to the art of cookingThis room in the house can be of different types and layout can be adapted to the needs and expectations of eachIn order to facilitate their choice, here are three types of cuisines that are original to each other

- The kitchen island

The first type of food that may attract more than one is the one island inFrom its name, it therefore has a few islands which are intended either for storage or for the preparation, there is also an island tableThis table can accommodate an average of six people, making it no longer needs to have a dining room that food may do the trickIt would therefore be possible to look at the same time an eye on the cooking while feastingRegarding the installation there is nothing easierFirst, we must get the right parts for it and just go from distributors to find out who is already mountedThis leaves more space to develop that will accommodate the

- The kitchen-living room

The second type is the kitchen-living room which has the characteristic to optimize the space in the houseIn order to have an original place, it is advisable to opt for the stone to improve the designThe kitchen-living room is also offered to owners to enjoy the view over the garden or the surrounding countryside with its bay windowsSince this is to optimize the space in the room, it is essential to the equipment needed in the cornersThis space can then be used to install a small bar or a bench to allow guests to relaxIt is possible to spend much time in this room as in any space provided for this purposeIt is also an ideal place to invite friends and family to spend some quality time

- The summer kitchen

The kitchen was too small to attract many people because it is installed outside the house that is to say in the garden or on the terraceProfessionals in the field today offer more and more functionality to allow interested parties to cook both inside and outside the homeAll necessary equipment for cooking are made available to home ownersIt is even possible to structure the pool and ready to install a small bar for the swimmers to be able to drink and take forces

The infinity pool

The main advantage of the infinity pool is that it is an open circuit that allows the release to the outsideThe introduction provides a framework for rare and uniqueWhether to allow development, its location should not clutter up the landscapeIt should blend in harmoniously and special

His aesthetic is his strong point, dot the environment which will be located must be arranged so as to have more spaceThus, it will feel to receive an infinite field waterThe slope and the slopes are in favor

We must also take into account the technical side and maintenanceThe price of construction and installation is much more expensiveThe operation is as follows, the water that forms the falls empties into effect on buffer tanksThese can also be chutes, they replace the traditional skimmersThis new pool no longer has a curb

The filtration

Overflows often come from activities that are in the poolA swimmer entering it regulates the volume of water to its volume

The water poured off is collected in bins is then filteredThis recovery allows a circle starting from the pool tank, the tank to infiltration and infiltration at the pool

One disadvantage of this pool is the way to resolve overflowing The challenge is to better manage the excesses or deficiencies of the water in the poolThen there should be such a problem, and the buffers are already fit and able to assume this functionThis water tank can then be operated to better the entire process

With filtration, self pool cleaning, maintenance services will only be rarelyIndeed, foliage, herbs, different subjects will be discharged through the overflow and the filtration system does return over the surface

The hydraulic network

The hydraulic system provides smooth operation of the filtration system and therefore the poolThis indeed requires a more developed and powerful device to ensure the effectiveness of the processPreferably, choose those with two pumps, one will manage and optimize the overflow and the other will provide filtration

To do this, we must take into account the pipe and ensure qualityTheir size is also to be considered since it is determined the flowIf everything complies and is consistent with the requirements of the installation, your installation will be permanent and safeThus, the filling conditions be reviewed

Know the areas of the kitchen

Match and classify organizational cuisine so you benefit from more space, more clean and quietTo do this, the routines are simple, you just get used to the store and know the areas of the kitchen

We must collect the same accessories in one placeAnd do not hesitate to use open space and available as drawers, cupboards, chests of drawers ... Ranger methodically to find you every time you are looking for somethingSo try to reorganize according to your taste, depending on daily use or for decoration!

An area must not compromise the structure or the operation of the otherEach area shall be broken harmoniously so that each element in the kitchen is not tooThe transition from one area to another should not be difficult, these compartments must be accessibleInstead, consider areas of activity

You have to book a waste area, obviously to manage garbage and useless to any material they are not scattered all overFor equipment, you will then have their usefulness and functionAlso dedicate an area for washing, one for cleaning food and one for dishes

The storage area is one that keeps foodAfter shopping, have simply used to rank foods according to their characteristicSome in the fridge, others in the freezer and keep the rest in the diningLocation will be reserved for cooking

The storage area

There should be a storage area, it is necessary to ensure proper disposal and storageIts main function is to allow better organization of your foodThis way you will have the opportunity to focus more

Preferably, for your rankings, opt for sliding pantryWhen opened, you will see all and you can easily grab what is helpfulFor dry foods and cereals, are planning a closetFor other foods must be frozen and stored in a cool, certainly the ideal is the refrigerator and freezer

The bike The most used area of ​​the house, the location for washing should be provided with good lightingIt should not be too narrow because the movement will be the most activeThe proper functioning of each element will ensure the comfort of using this space

The sink and dishwasher will be well maintained and clean, it helps to promote the holding decor of the roomThe cabinet under the sink allows the recycling of waste and garbage and better management is garbageRevenue from these activities should be placed close

How to insulate walls?

It should be noted that a very thick wall of several centimeters does not compete with the capacity of thermal insulating material a centimeterIndeed, the walls, especially made of stone, are real drivers of coldWhy isolation is an important step to ensure true comfort

It is more appropriate and professional to analyze the situation of housing and different conditions of implementation of housingWe must consider the location, climate and the environment according to several criteriaFollowing these steps will release the balance sheet that will choose the ideal thermal insulation

The process must consider first the lining of the north and further to the westBoth sides of the house have only rarely and very little of the sunThey are often in contact with moisture, are the parts of the house that are always exposed to rain

However, the installation should blend into the background and should not occupy too much spaceAs a result, the external thermal insulation is recommendedThe advantage is that the procedure does not require a significant energy resource, and therefore less consumptionIt will also serve on the aesthetic side, it will restore the exterior facadeBut you can always opt for one that is on the inside, it is easier to install

The insulation on the inside

The thermal insulation of the wall from the inside allows the maintenance and conservation of the heatIt is easy to install and it does not affect the construction and does not alter the facade of your houseOtherwise, the procedure is much cheaper compared to the exterior

This method is much more suitable and appropriate to the work of renovation, redevelopment or rehabilitationAnd it is also the home of second homes that are most relevant

This insulation is most often associated with walls more than doubling to ensure best resultsAnd it is well-sealed walls that admit as much insulation as possible

One of the advantages of its use is then the energy savings that canThe disadvantage is that the method does not interrupt thermal and does not affect the long term

The exterior insulation

To avoid large bills for heating, it is important to reduce energy consumption and to opt for external insulationAn outer coating is most effective, it gives a new look and renovate your facade

Thermolook to allow conclusive results, mobilizes insulating panels made of polystyreneThey are always covered with protective coatings and

This type of procedure especially for primary residencesIts advantage is mainly the ability to conserve heat insideThe flip side is that the implementation is not easy, important work is toFor this, we must make use of relevant services

Interest to isolate the floor

The occupants of any dwelling units are in direct contact with the floorThe quality of the latter provides the comfort and health of theseThus, the insulation of the floor is not incidental nor superficial, it is a step in the construction inseparable!

The floor is linked directly to the ground, it separates the residential land settlementLike the latter, it is often related to moisture and warm air gets difficult from the outsideBy itself, it will be difficult to prevent cold air from spreading into the house and retain the heat requiredWhy insulation is important because the temperature differences are significant

In any case, the procedure does not require a substantial thicknessIt should be noted however that the insulation extends the limitation of sounds that can pass through all floors and roomsTo reduce the noise from one room to another and from one floor to another, the sound insulation is requiredThe layers of insulation must be thicker and these must be added plates and linoleum for best results

The coating depends on the ground to cover, it will be based on the latter that the insulation will be determined usingThe implementation of this technique is not a difficult process to achieveHow to insulate his floor?

The floor insulation can be a simple coating, a kind of layer that covers the ground beneath and / or aboveHowever, the installation must not compromise the functioning of different ventilation systemsThe main advantage is that it can cover the smallest areas that require isolation

The procedure is easier and cheaper for floors accessible homes already builtTo do this, we must limit the penetration of air by closing all the exits and entrancesThe dough sealing and insulating foam materials are most effectivePolypropylene strip used for fixing the beams

These preparations will facilitate the installation of insulation and ensure its effectivenessWool as insulating material is very convenient, but the mattress should be set and retained by metal fibers or construction paper

Insulation materials for the floor

Mineral fibers, such as vermiculite, perlite, feathers, wool or cellular glass, are the most recommendedNatural, they provide more comfort and not subject to any risk the occupant even in contact with the groundIt should be noted that these materials are usually coated kraft aluminum and are equipped with vapor barrier

Vegetable fibers are also included in this lot and the materials most used are the fibers of wood, cork and cellulose fiberOtherwise, the owner can always opt for polystyrene or polyurethaneHowever, do not forget the installation of thermal resistances

The fixed bed process

The technique chosen should match the expectations, in other words the system must be efficient to ensure a perfect cleaningResistance is one of the first qualificationsThe ability of adaptability will be a highlight of the process chosen

The fixed bed is one of the most coveted because of their effectivenessMicrophones installed on systems encapsulate media, and this allows its operation for a long timeIndeed, the micro organisms in biofilms (layer of substances released by bacteria on solid surfaces) are preserved better than in water

The movements can be regulated and controlledWe may suspend for a specified period if there is no waste water and return later the same paceElectricity side, it does not go beyond 15% of the daily consumption

The main advantage of its use is that it is cheaper and it does not make the process a slow evolutionIndeed, the fixed bed has a good capacity to sedimentation, micro organisms separate and come off automatically when the second stage of purificationThis can effectively reduce the solids and to ensure good internal circulation

Process with natural support

The controversy over the use of natural treatment systems persists, often contested, the process will be detailed hereinFirst, it does not require the mobilization of energy such as electricityHowever, it requires more maintenance and cleaning

This support is much more a natural filtering system, the treated water is thrown into deepTo avoid lifting pumps must opt ​​instead for micro sewage treatment plantAnd for that, fixed bed processes are most effective and most economicalThey consume an average of 50 watts!

Thus, the wastewater is directed to the depthFirst is first decanting, and water slides to another compartmentFor the latter it is the fixed bed that developed micro organisms to another phase of treatmentThis is a biological process essential elements to degradation are already in the water to be treatedBut for optimal cleansing, ventilation systems are introduced into the fixed bed, they take the form of membraneAnd indeed the air that enters the wastewater that provides the procedure

Legislation for individual treatment

It should be noted that while the procedure is regulated by the Water Act of 1992 under Article L2224-8The order specifies and insists that the individual treatment should not have consequences, and ecological impacts

The conditions of establishment or individual achievement based primarily on standardsThe environmental side is most concerned, any proceeding must comply with the rule and must take account of the effects of the procedureControl is the widespread and wastewater discharged

New changes are made to improve the different and better control techniques for the application of sewerage

The individual sanitation

The ecological impacts of wastewater scattered and widespread in nature are considerableHowever, this kind of pollution can be better managed by individual sanitationThe use of septic tanks autonomous part of solutions that limit the measurable consequences on the environment

This process can be used especially to rural areas and homes that are not linked to systems of wastewater reclamationThe sewerage can then limit the damage and pollution

The establishment of such individual septic tanks require more spaceSeveral criteria must be considered as soil quality, permeability and the entire hydraulic system on and around your building site

It will be based on this analysis that the methods to be used will be determinedTo do this, it is useful to use the services of competent personnelYou will be responsible entirely on the cost of the procedure

The approach must obtain the agreement of the local authorityFor this, the mayor and the department concerned must be informed and must approve the form of formal authorization

The septic tank

His septic tank can be drained effectively wastewaterThey are able to systematically manage the waste and all other pollutantsBasically, it always requires three thousand gallons of water around, but it depends on housingBut it is necessary to provide effective filtering systems

Operation is simple, the system is divided into compartments and each cell has a roleThe first box collects solid waste, they are subjected to anaerobic fermentation basicSubstances resulting from the latter and form layersSpecifically, what are gases that must be removed by a ventilation systemAs for solids, it is the regular oil changes that will evacuate

Aerobic system

Sanitation device that implements the aerobic system is also effectiveMicrophones treatment systems are in place to allow bacteria to grow in a specific compartmentThis allows them to isolate and contain the risk of pollutionA ventilation system that operates with an external compressor, can ventilate the pit

To ensure good results, then it is important that the varieties of plants resistant to movement and can adapt to any form of wasteThe fixed bed is the tool and the method is highly recommended to ensure the procedureAnd besides, it does not consume much energyYou can stop the process if the house will not be inhabited for a long timeWhen you return, the system will work the same way once you have activated theHowever, it takes a bit to find the optimal pre-treatment

The conditions for a PTZ

Great investment, home ownership is not an easy process! To do this, it is necessary to make loans to ensure the procedureThe zero-interest loan is granted for people who want to own a principal residenceIndeed, this kind of trading is restricted entirely to real estateHowever, it is possible to combine it with other forms of loans!

This kind of privilege is applied to enable all people to acquire property, specifically to own their own housing and housingIt is therefore a means to facilitate the acquisition of the house, supported and pushed by the governmentBut it should be noted that this opportunity is reserved only for individualsNo organization or agency or association, or group of persons benefiting from this offer

The first step is the verification of declarations of income concernedThis is from the latter and conditions of transactions will be granted or not the loanThis procedure is often associated with the activities of banks in the form of personal support

The principal loan or bank loan also plays an important role in the processThe interest-free loan that will be additional title, so it is precisely a contribution for all other steps

The third condition emphasizes that housing purchased to which the loan was made to be inhabitedOtherwise, the agreement is not effective, do not even consider making the purchase

The PTZ 2011

The new system has improved the current political PTZ PTZ +The approach remains the same, but she had just a few changes! More on this mortgage translates into an increase of over 50% of the funding of the deviceThe effects will be felt on the tax credits, in any case, there will not be removed from the interests on loansThese are the conditions that have been revised and therefore the new guidelines will guide the process

The recipients are the same: individuals who want to buy a house for residentialThe principle remains the same: the device is a financial support and a privilege for those beneficiaries who want to ownIt does not go beyond the limit allowed, that is to say not more than half of all investments for the purchase

Objective of the new PTZ

The aim of the procedure is to target the really needy individuals by selecting records that meet the established criteriaThe nouvelleoffre is reserved only for first-time buyers regardless of incomeThat the old system does not

Choose a good player to make his choice

The offer to lease exists, but you must have the means to search for and find

It is in this context that industry professionals have placed on the rental marketThere are many specialist agencies who according to the needs and requirements of their clients offer a variety of rental offers

Another way to find a location that corresponds to their expectations is the alternative offered by the expansion of the Internet

Now to find the object of his search a single clickThe general sites were the first to ride the internet waveBy offering a multitude of homes directly to consumers, they were able to take advantage of the Web

The presence of real estate on this sector does not follow that logic inherent in all economic sectors to meet the requirements of efficiency and time savings for the buyer

In parallel with the general sites, traditional real estate agencies have also launched their own websiteHowever, it is best to use these traditional agencies because they offer greater guarantees of quality

A real estate agency in fact provides a guarantee of expertise especially those related to the FNAIM or those whose fame can serve as a reference

Precautions regarding the nature and condition of the rental law has established a set of rules governing the rental industryIt is for the parties not to violate these provisions

Regarding the lease and the notice at the beginning of the lease, the rules were introducedA residential lease agreement and will be a minimum of 3 years and a notice of at least three months except in special cases

Renting a property as a residence must be such a contract to be validIt contains all information relating to each party, but also those related to the well

In duplicate and signed by the owner and the tenant, it lays the foundation and operation of the rental

The tenant sure to check the terms of the contract to prevent malicious use of the lessorWe must therefore beware of unfair terms such as those prohibiting the harboring of persons, the payment of additional amounts to taking possession other than those established by law ...

Also, some parts must be attached to the lease: The State of premises, the tenant's insurance certificate ... and all that are deemed necessary

And finally, we must remember that some steps are required in the leaseThis is the establishment of certain diagnoses: ECD, the Certificate of risk exposure to lead and the technological state of natural hazards

The notary, a key actor contractual relationships

The national meeting allowed the public to learn about the strengths and expertise of the lawyersAs public officials, they represent a continuity of the StateCharged with a public service, they have particular expertise in various branches legal, contractual acts of authentication to the provision of advice or expertise

They are involved in real estate including: sales, construction, leases and negotiation in the credit in the acts of familleainsi in company law

The authentication of the act is a cornerstone of their businessThe affixing of the signature of a notary on a document written between two parties, lets give this private act probative value and a bindingThis award notary argued the validity of the establishment of a contractual relationship between two parties, both among themselves and for third partiesThis is explained by a set of procedures and steps that "solemnize" the creation of the legal relationship

The exercise of the profession of notary is Liberal and the state sets a price list for fixing the remuneration of the latterThe link with the Ministry of Justice, also sets the location of notaries as close to the population in an effort to close the public service

The notary in figures

The notary in France is a cornerstone of economic activitiesActing at both individuals and professionals in the economic sector, the notary is an important

This place has been defined by the Ordinance of 2 November 1945 concerning the status of notariesIt plays a particularly important role in establishing the authenticity of documents and contracts they receive

For the year 2011 in particular, to May 1, the turnover of the entire notarial profession represented more than 6.1 billion € with over 5886 notary offices spread all over France

On average, lawyers handle more than 600milliards euros in receiving more than 20 million people each year

Their activity is spread over different areas of legal activity, but the establishment of authentic accounts for the bulk of their business with almost 4 million of acts of

The sector is also an important part of the labor market with more than 56,000 jobs managed by the industry with over 9,000 lawyers and 47,000 employees

Meetings notarial last October allowed the public to become familiar with the function of the notary by the organization of conferences and presentationsIn parallel with these meetings, anonymous and free consultations have been held to be the show itself, but also remotely via a telephone service and an indigo online discussion

Objectives of this significant increase

The crisis in the global economy affects both these cities in FranceParis as the capital strongly feels the effects of crisis with a resurgence of people in precarious situations

The aim of the plan proposed by the Mayor of Paris is to meet the housing needs of a population in purchasing power eroded by the dayBut also to improve the urban landscape of the City

It was during the presentation of the amount allocated to urban development that Mr. Delanoë announced the end of the extension of the tramway to the door of the Chapel in 2012

Budget 2012 follows that of the continuity of this year to 2014 in the construction of over 2,000 places of emergency shelterLocations for people living in informal settlementsThis is to strengthen the position of the City address the rigors of winter and the large number of victims during this time of year

In the field of social housing, the first magistrate of the city is considering funding of more than 6000 social housing assistance to low-income families

The future budget will also commit to the level of nursery placesIt thus providing parents with more than 940 new seats facing a glut of these places

A revised upwards consistent?

Policies, but also professional actors denounce these measures "tip top" that contradict the tax reinforcements that were made during the yearAccording to private operators, the tax measures that were taken widening social inequalitiesA study by the Urban Planning Workshop in Paris presents an overview with a poverty rate of 13.9% to Parisalors that on average the rate is only one point lower on average in the regionsWhat makes Paris the city where poverty is most severe

However, these measures are part of the proposed home improvements under the draft budget law for 2012

Governments plan and the construction of more than 120,000 rental units in all of FranceA policy of strengthening home ownership, which will also benefit the City of Paris

Similarly, the taxation of rents exceeding the 40Euros / m² housing above 13m ² will be taken in parallel to limit abuse of the ownersThe ultimate goal of this measure is to engage donors in a more honest and responsible

The outlook for 2012 real estate will also aim to encourage low-income to home land with a restructuring aid such as PTZ +

The pump aerothermal

Aerothermal pump uses heat from the air to distribute the heat within a building structureThe air is a renewable resource and free, a heat pump (CAP) is very effective aerothermal heat a house

Particularly suitable for all types of construction, the air APC differ depending on whether they are air-air or air-waterThe operating principle is identicalIt is based on the flow of a fluid, which stores energy from the air and distributes it through two units responsible for capturing and sending the energy trapped

The distinction is the method of distribution of the heat absorbedThe first uses a fan coil, while the second uses a capacitor combined with the conventional heating system

Although the air-CAP does not benefit from tax credit on the installation, acquisition costs are relatively low compared to those of a geothermal plantHowever, grants may be obtained from the decentralized authorities

CAP air-water has its part of a tax credit of 22% on hardware

The effectiveness of the CAP air is obtained by calculating the coefficient of performance heat pump or COPTo optimize the COP CAP air of an installation, it is always better to combine its use with means for heating type electricThe COP varies in effect depending on weather conditions and installation

The COP of a CAP air is between a level 3 and 4 for water and air-PAC 2 and 3 for the air-

The heat pump

The geothermal heat pump works on almost the same principle as the air pumpHowever, its operation is based on horizontal or vertical sensors that are responsible for capturing energy from the groundIt is then distributed through fan coils or radiators or by floorsFor floor heating the house must have specific facilities with central heating

CAP geothermal installation is more difficult to install, but is also more expensiveThe work to be done are more important and installation is also conditioned by the specifics of the field size, geological ...

The advantage is that you can receive substantial tax creditsThus, this type of installation will bring you up to 36% discount on equipment needed

The COP of a geothermal development is quite interesting with a yield of 3 to 5 kWh of heat for a power consumption of 1 kWhBecause you obviously can not do without completely EDF Energy to run some geothermal features of the CAP, but also for the CAP air

Remember also that to use this type of pump, an authorization of the City of your jurisdiction is required

Who is affected by this relaxation?

The measure adopted on October 20 is for sellers who are selling a property (second home, building land ...) and that does not have a principal residence

So this measure will affect the owners of second homes or having made an investment property but rent a home as primary residence

Conditions, however, have been introduced to limit the effect of the announcement of this relaxation of the lawThus, the selling owner must not have owned a principal residence within 4 years before the saleIn addition, it will reinvest the money obtained from selling the purchase of a principal residence within 2 years

Members who have brought this amendment justified their initiative by the fact that in previous first hardening, a similar measure was taken to the last easing in 2004

Second, this measure is to encourage property investment for those who do not yet have a primary residenceSimilarly, it is not to penalize property owners who are on the move permanent for business and have acquired a secondary

A measure restrictive effects

Limited to individuals who sell for the first time a property within a period prescribed by law, the measure applies with full exemption from the tax households that do not yet have their principal residence

The real estate professionals, even if they feel the positive development, understand the purpose of this relaxationThe new provisions have been made and will keep the make-up tax bill to allowIndeed, the amended measures counteract the location of the principal residence by the owner or even the proposed sale of real estate retirees who enter nursing homes

The effect of the reform on the capital gain has the effect of causing pending the expiration of 30 years to sell a propertyThis expectation therefore eventually cause some speculation that can eventually lead to a shortage of housing supply

This new amendment to the law governing the sale will therefore result in a sale of assets of more than 5 years and reinvestment of amounts acquired within the required

With a relatively high cost, more than 150 million euros, the changes will be confirmed at the end of the shuttle made by the bill between the National Assembly and Senate Budget 2012The application of the tax on the gain will only be effective February 1, 2012

Condominiums and condominium

Joint ownership allows multiple people to acquire one or more parts of a buildingThe building is divided among several owners, the property acquired is allocated among the units and common areas

A condominium is the set of co-ownersTrustee function is exercised mainly by real estate professionals who are responsible for representing the co-ownership and administration of commonOver 85% of condominium trustees are professional business card holders to "property management"

A contract is established to regulate the operation of the trustee and the remuneration resultingThe agency agreement is approved for a period of three years

The Commission has considered the Unfair clauses in contracts for joint property to establish the actual rates to be paid by individuals

A contract with several points of unfair

It is in its Recommendation No 2011-01 of 03 September that the Commission has expressed its opinion on the content of contracts trustee

The main point that was particularly touched with the elimination of "opening a bank account or postal unique as the principle and the opening of a separate account as a benefit not included in the annual fee"

The recommendations also address a number of clauses that appear in contracts for trustees

The services provided by the trustee must also be specially marked, because in some cases of joint ownership, trustees would not hesitate to double charge for services providedThe commission also denounces the billing of a tenant for work done at the expense of co-owners

Some provisions also affecting the duration of the contract have been blacklistedSome contracts do not correspond in fact to the maturity dates and purpose mentioned therein

The commission also found that some contracts trustee make the revocation of liquidator difficult or impossible for private individuals

Similarly, the trustee as principal of the co-ownership can not unilaterally make decisions such as determining the amounts of common hire or use of profitsClauses on such initiatives, without the union is one, may be terminated

Some contracts also incorporate trustees for their content additional charges relating to the monitoring of ongoing work on the condominiumHowever, the law prohibits this type of scam

Details of these clauses considered abusive can be read on the website of the Commission of Unfair: http://www.clauses-abusives.fr/recom/11r01.htm.

Recall that the existence of an unfair term in a contract makes any such clause null and voidRecourse to the courts to enforce the nullity of such a clause may be considered

Why rattan can be an attractive alternative?

Rattan is one of the species of NWFPAfter climbing the palm family bristling with family Lépidocayinées

This is a fast growing plant species, it can be an inexhaustible and renewable green buildingOperated for over 5000 years in tropical latitudes, rattan is currently experiencing a privileged place in the manufacture of furniture with contemporary design

Apart from a fast-growing that in some cases can reach a length of 180 meters, rattan is a staple food for many animalsOrangutans are so fond of these protein-rich plants

It therefore combines a substantial source of income for people living in rattan exploitation, but also forests can provide effective protection of endangered species

Rattan is for almost 40% of revenue from neighboring populations in parts of the world

Rattan thus enters into a sustainable development approach that ensures resources and ecological solutions for people, but also for wildlife

Issues of exploitation of rattan

Rattan is interesting in terms of its useWith its special features, integration of this material on a daily basis is quite simple

Rattan has a particular quality of flexibility to make it malleable and transformable at willAlso, with its porous structure, when heated it can give the desired look that will not warp over the years

Especially robust, rattan is not afraid to attack parasites of wood that we find in our latitudesLight and rugged use, the rattan furniture is easily moved

The use of rattan furniture making it possible to limit the destruction of forestsIndeed, the lack of forest managed effectively, especially in less developed countries contributes significantly to the disappearance of primary forest resources

The use of this material also reduces the spread of indoor pollutants harmful to the health of volatile organic compounds such as formaldehydeRattan furniture prevent the use of chemicals such as glues, paints and other materials for petrochemistry

Rattan fits perfectly into an ecological, but also the natural design of a house

The rattan furniture is cheap, but in 2008 representing over $ 2 billion in revenue for operators in the sector according to figures from INBAR (International Network for Bamboo and Rattan)Renewable and available in quantity, it is an investment and cost-effective provider of resources for tropical regions and their inhabitants

The causes and actions

Waste management has never been an issue as important todayThey concern the authorities at all levels, but also each of the consumers who are the source of waste

Faced with a deteriorating environment increasingly, governments have decided to take matters in handThus peaks such as the Grenelle Environment and European directives have increased the costs of waste treatment

Since then, measures adapted to the recycling of waste have been taken, such as sorting, composting ... In parallel, the operating costs of the units have increased progressivelyThis has led and will be further increased special taxes such as the General Tax on Polluting Activities or the tax or as the fee for garbage collection (TEOM and Reoma)

Faced with a clear imbalance caused by a gradual decline in revenue processing, propose policies to curb the increase of waste a set of measures for more responsible behavior on the part of consumers

An attitude that tends to such an advantage over products certified as "Eco-packaging" when purchased

Household waste more and more expensive?

The cost of waste treatment is constantly rising and the Court of Auditors denounced on this budget poorly controlledConsumers associations also note a total lack of transparency regarding pricing practiced

The invoice total annual cost to the French more than 7 billion euros which is € 124 per capitaSums up 5 to 6% per year, according to ADEME, the result of modernization and development of waste disposal

The amounts are divided between the waste disposal per tonne which costs on average € 169 for local and € 183 per tonne for residual waste

In addition to the successive increases, the costs are not necessarily the same all over FranceUFC-Que Choisir also denounces this disparity in a report dated October 20

In this study, the combination of consumer note that the average per capita cost of waste treatment is € 99However, inequalities exist with bills in some cities such as Marseille or Biarritz which can reach almost twice that amount

Likewise, the group described an increase in abuse of non-operating charges proportional to the waste disposalThe TEOM has been such an upward slope of 7.1% in 2009 either tax revenues have quadrupled in less than 20 years

With a low transparency of public bodies, UFC-Que Choisir showed that the documents relating to waste do not inform consumers enoughOnly 92 public bodies of the 150 respondents reported their figures on the subject

Composting: How does it work?

Composting is a process knownIt is present every day in nature that shows us the way with its forests and vegetation whose leaves are processed and absorbed by microorganisms to form what is called humusHumus is then used as mineral source for plants that feed

The technique of composting is almost identicalIt is a first step to recover the organic waste that is stored in a container for this purposeThe container may be a drum, silo, a vermicompost, but simply by piling the waste somewhere

Initially, we will deal with the decomposition phaseDuring this phase, the microorganisms will address the elements stored to destroy them gradually by digesting

Second, macro organisms then enter into play to reduce the amount, the phase of maturationAnd finally, ultimately, all changes to foster elements for plants during the mineralization phase

The whole point of composting is the use of degrading natural addiction without a manufactured product of any kindIt is based on the biodegradable nature of natural substances without any chemical additives or manipulation of human beingsOnly occur during the process of natural organisms such as bacteria, worms, fungi ...

Composting in France

In France, every year more than 16 million tons of organic waste are producedThe treatment of these passes including garbage sorting, collection and recovery of these

The cost per ton has returned about 80 and 150 eurosSeveral specific installations have been designed to handle this type of serviceHowever, individuals can on their own initiative process themselves, without going through this type of platform, their organic waste into fertilizer

There are currently over 600 composting platforms that can handle an average of over 20,000 tonnes of wasteManaged mainly by local authorities, including the production may be intended either for the manufacture of fertilizers, but also for the methanation of them or the production of biofuelsAnaerobic digestion produces biogas to replace the use of fossil fuels

Ultimately, composting helps to enrich the soil, but also to reduce greenhouse gasThe objective is to reduce the production of household waste by 7% in 5 years when we know that the French got rid of more than 350kg of waste each year according to ADEMEA responsible attitude should be adopted, and that, upon purchase of choosing the one that has a low environmental impact

The principle of the outhouse

It must first know that on average the use of conventional toilet uses 30 to 40 liters of drinking water per dayThe whole idea of ​​toilets is to substitute the use of this water by using a facility that takes advantage of natural features, without the waste of a resource that is scarce

Dry toilets are an effective alternative to water management in urban or ruralThis is to replace the use of the toilet in ways that protect the environment biodegradable

The installation of a dry toilet is relatively simple to implementInitially, conventional equipment can be removed and blocked, and finally a receiving device is set upOn average, it is an investment of about thirty euros for a capacity of 50l

The dry toilet works on the principle of compostingThe waste products are stored on a bed of wood chips or sawdust toThey are then treated naturally by anaerobic fermentation

The litter can be easily recovered from the timber industry for a small fee and sometimes free

Wood can be easily replaced by other elements such as the technique of Umbria-composting ...

Special dry toilets

The installation of toilets is relatively easy to implementMany have tried on different structures of the house several residential rental buildings and even some public places are equipped

The establishment of this type of equipment provides comfort identical to the toilet waterThe only difference here is the responsible management of water use at its recycling

The products obtained composting can be reused as fertilizer for agriculture as well as individual industrial

The technique of wood litter composting does not consume a significant amount of sawdust or wood chipsOn average, two ladles of this substance are sufficient to treat wasteAvailable in quantity from the wood industry professionals, this type of installation is an ecological excellence

This method can be put to ease both inside and outside, some even offer professional mobile installationsAdded benefit, the only part of maintenance is necessary to use the periodic emptying trayNo need to septic tanks, gel WC ...

With regard to red tape, the initiator of such a project should refer to the decree of September 7, 2009 for the conditions of installationThese relate mainly sealed conditions, rules of application and safety standards against natural phenomena

Features a fireplace

The main factor to be taken into account when installing a fireplace that there is space in the houseIt is very important to measure in advance the size of the piece that will host structureIt was after this that it will be possible to define the shape and size of the fireplace to be installed

In general, the installation of the chimney is in the right corner of the room of the buildingBeyond that, there are other criteria to be considered as ground conditionsThis is a very important step, because you need to know if the soil is able to support the structure

Also be aware that there are two types of selection of materials for the construction of a chimneyThe homeowners can opt for:

- The metal chimney that has the distinction of being highly resistant to high temperatures- The masonry chimney in bushels of clayIn terms of its coating, it is possible to choose between the bricks or stones

The steps to install a fireplace

The first step when installing such a structure is to choose the corner where it will be installedThe latter can be determined based on the model chosenWhat you should do is to measure the model chosen, and to chart the extent of the walls to see if the installation is possible or not in the chosen locationBesides size, there are also two very important criteria should not be overlooked before installationThese characteristics include the flow of air and smoke evacuation

The next steps involve installing the components, including foundation stones and the elements of homeRegarding the latter, it is advisable to begin the installation of the plate home, through the installation of the legs to finish with the back of the homeWe must then make small holes along the vertical wallThe issue then laying coats that can be stone or girder

The final steps involve finishing and assembly of the strainThe first signs above the winding of the hood around the pipe and applying a coat of paint or plasterWhat remains to do is mounting the strain that will allow for better ventilation and facilitate the evacuation of smoke

The operation of the exclusive mandate

On Friday, October 14, 2011, a bill was passed on first reading in National AssemblyIt concerns the final termination of the exclusive listing real estateIndeed, this action affects all stakeholders in the sector whether consumers, sellers or owners of the property

This document provides an opportunity for a real estate agent to carry out activities related to real estate for another individual for some timeWith this element, the property company is entitled to handle the proposed sale to real estate that it is going wellIt can advertise in the newspaper, video media design and benefit of potential buyers

Experts on the subject assume that resort to this system can be hazardous to the professional activity while subjects are not coveredThis is because he has already served well in various countries like the U.S. where most orders are exclusivelyIn addition, some malpractices such as the cancellation of transactions by persons who do not own the rights to do so may ariseThese are the buyers, sellers and customers of the real estate affected by this practice

However, the view is not the same for all players, as some believe that this is advantageousThey believe it is a way that can be used for the agent carries out his work

What is the exclusive mandate?

When the owner of a property through an estate agent to make a sale that is attached, it is imperative to have a mandateThere are several versions for the latter and that which is exclusive partHe has this capacity to the extent that consumer research is done by a single representative of the estate agency and no one else

Choosing this option offers all the right sales agent and does not allow the property owner to carry out the transactions themselvesHowever, it may commence proceedings and negotiate with the agency in order to deal with a relative

It is also possible to reach an agreement for an exclusive "simple"With this formula, the owner no longer has to pay a commission to the agent if it finds itself a buyer

Thus, in practice, a real estate agent who has an exclusive mandate will use all means in order to find a buyerThus, it is a way that increases the chances of the owner to find his clientAlso, be aware that this type of document length and therefore a final date to take effect

What are the advantages of using hydrothermal pump?

Engage in domestic heating using hydrothermal pump has several advantagesOne of these is in the fact that it is a device that plays an important role in preserving the environmentIndeed, it reduces the consumption of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse

This system also allows rapid heating especially since it works without having to go through a powerAlthough used most often for heating, this device can operate in a cold climate and can be used to ventilate the house during the times when it's hot

The major advantage of such a process is that there is no restriction regarding the energy suppliedAs the sun is something to which everyone can benefit, just know collect and store the energy it provides to then be able to exploitHydrothermal pump can also act as a water heater and thus help users to get warm water

Normally, the heat transfer is from the warmer to the colder until temperatures are at the same levelHowever, this cycle can be reversed by the heat pump waterIt is precisely in this way it can make the air in a room

What are the disadvantages of the pump hydrothermal?

While this device has several advantages, it also has some drawbacksBefore you can establish it, there must be a source of water with which will supplyHowever, it can be reduced if the person is not far from a slick, as it can exploit it to his advantage

While solar energy is free, the installation of this device requested to pay a substantial sum of money, because the drill must be thoroughlyIn addition, depreciation of equipment is at least for a period of seven years

Implement this type of equipment can not be done anyhow, because its installation is subject to legislationThe work must be performed by specialized organizations in the area and have a license, because under it, the installation must be done carefully

To avoid unnecessary losses, we must understand that this device only works with low temperature radiators with or without a floor heatingThe latter can possibly go aloneSome people turn out to be reluctant vis-à-vis this tool due to the fact that it makes some noiseThis can be especially annoying if the holder of the facility is located near other housesThis is for example the case of a dwelling within a building

The ecological advantages of the city of Toulouse

The collaboration between naturalists and municipal services in the city of Toulouse has produced a number on the number of animals in itAs such information may not always be accurate, relevant officials conducted the investigation of maximumIndeed, several sites in Toulouse were consulted including the banks of the Garonne, Pech David, Saint-Simon, and Pouvourville Marcaissonne

The town hall by partnering with stakeholders in the field has been found that there are approximately 1200 species in ToulouseThese data provide concrete evidence of the importance of wildlife in the cityHowever, this situation is weakened due to the fact that animals need stability and a place that is conducive

To understand why this town has received an award, it is necessary to make a turn towards the flora and fauna of the latter and the means of conciliationThe animals are usually seen around meadows, water points and in the forests, because they are the locations that can meet their needsThis explains why they are in abundance on Pechbusque the banks of the Garonne, the valley of the Touch and all environments that facilitate trade between the species

The means to preserve the biodiversity of the city

Although the ecological richness of Toulouse is already established, some elements deserve some considerationsAbove all, animals have difficulty adjusting to a city, because this kind of place is far from equaling their natural environmentsIt is therefore important to provide a means of preserving these

For this situation, the best option to ensure the sustainability of the species is to combine city and natureFor this, the activities must be viewed from two perspectives, one for the benefit of humans and one for nature and animalsBy setting up an infrastructure, it is necessary to look at the impact it can have on the environmentThe creation of protected areas for endangered species is a solution that can also help

The presence of man in the city is also a barrier to exchange between different species and this may lead to their extinctionThus, it is necessary to promote their circulation by removing anything that might impede access between the fauna and floraThis is one of the reasons that prompted officials to create a path between the center of the town of Toulouse and green spaces in the eastern

The environmental field has become a focus for the mayor decides to encourage children to engage and contribute to the work of green space managementAs a result, all of which are related to biodiversity for which the city of Toulouse was awarded

The various safeguards in building construction

The construction contract offers various guarantees to stakeholders and it depends mainly works consideredThese formulas provide an opportunity for managers and underwriters earn profits on the harm they have suffered and are related to housing

Financial Guarantees

There are insurance payments that can not be avoided if the manufacturer requires the payment of money before the start of activitiesIn other cases, it must be announced in the contract and no longer takes effect when the work beganThere is also coverage dependent delivery agreements and agreed deadlines

With this option, the person can rest assured it comes to building his house either for the initial work for the finishShe stops to take effect on receipt if the buyer was accompanied by a specialistIt is the same if it has not engaged the services of that eight days after deliveryThe lifting of reservations is also an option that puts an end to this insurance

Insurance damage-book

This coverage is still valid that the work was done by an architect, a builder or self-It supports any damages in connection with the ten-year guaranteeIndeed, the insurance takes care of the victim and research managers to be able to demand their shareThis type of coverage does not damage nature biennial

The ten-year guarantee

It is responsibility of the manufacturer of home vis-à-vis the tenant or occupant for a period of 10 yearsDuring this period, the person will not have to worry about the risk for housing-relatedHowever, when an event occurs, the manufacturer, the vendor or contractor must imperatively be notified by registered letter with return receipt

The guarantee of perfect completion

It takes effect when the damage was noted during the reception of the house and realized by reservations about the minutesIt is also the case if they were assessed within one year of taking the building and communicated to the manufacturer by registered mail with return receiptSubsequently, a program for carrying out corrections is established with the builder

The guarantee of proper operation Biennial

She pays all the equipment separable and removable housingThis is for example the case of shutters, doors, boilers or fittingsThis coverage works the same way as otherJust send a registered letter with return receipt to the manager who handled the installation of the device

How the choice of building materials?

The construction of a building is not just to having knowledge of masonryIt is also to know how to adapt the budget, quality and management of all construction projectThe choice of materials to be used for the latter part of the various disciplines that must be mastered by someone who wants to make this happen

In this case, it is recommended to prefer materials that pose the least risk of toxicityMost of those that are used as concrete and mortar contain synthetic additivesOf these, there are plasticizers, antifreeze or sealantsThe environmental field is a point that must be taken into accountThus, it is more reasonable to choose materials that can be recycled or renewed as the case of woodThose with a high insulation value while using natural fibers may also be used

In addition, it is necessary to inquire to see if they can easily find on the market or are still causing considerable expenseCurrently, there are several stores that specialize in this area and from which it is possible to learnWhile proposals abound in the market, it is easier to make their choice by following these instructions

The main building materials of house

Faced with the progress and market requirements, industry continue to find innovative and effective solutions in this areaTo facilitate their choice, it is necessary to go through the main building materials including:

· The wood gives it its properties instead of leading environmental solution because it emits no toxicIt also has the advantage of being recyclable and can regulate humidityTo maintain its characteristics, it should not be using chemical whatever its natureIt has a more powerful and insulation saves energy

· The stone is valued for its aesthetics, in addition to the fact that it can be in several dimensions and durability is interestingIt is no longer used as before, because it is expensive compared to its counterparts such as concrete and brick

· The cellular concrete: known to SIPOREX, it consists of a mixture of sand, air, water and limeIts advantage lies in its resistance to fire, moisture and sound insulationIt can also be used as the foundation for the roofConsolidation is done through a tile adhesive

· The brick: it is no longer news for manufacturers, but is available in several modelsThe most recent is the brick Monomur which is both a good insulator, fireproof and temperature regulator

Securing a pool is it governed by the law?

On January 3, 2003, a law enforcement states that all ground pools must have security systemThat will be used to minimize the possibility of drowning them and irrespective of their useIt governs both those used by individuals and by professionals

Between June and September 2009, a specialized agency has embarked on an investigation into the drowningThe figures this year showed a total of 135 accidents in private family pool

However, some devices for those that are removable, inflatable and those that are not buried are not affected by this regulationThis is also true for swimming schools supervised by lifeguardsThus, it is necessary to be vigilant, because people who do not respect the law can be punished by a fine of € 45,000

The pool enclosures for good security

The main function of these shelters is to make this type of pool inaccessible to small less than five years during periods of closureThey need to protect the surface of it and be totally safe for usersThus, all sharp objects are excluded during its construction

This system must also withstand different weather conditions like strong winds or heavy snowFurthermore, it should follow the standard NF P 90-309, which still requires that the pool is inaccessible at times when it is closedTherefore it must contain a locking system performance

However, all facilities are necessarily disadvantages need to knowFor this, the downside is its price which is not within the reach of every budget

Use blankets and alarms

The covers have the same primary purpose as shelter and that is to prevent children who are under five years fall into a pool by inattentionThey should not present a risk to people who use itTo the extent that it meets the standard NF P 90-308, no small should be able to enter

The security system of the pool is not as expensive as the shelter, but it is not practical enoughHowever, it can withstand a load of 100 kg if all instructions have been met concerning the letter

The alarms are part of the security apparatuses of this kind that are most popular because they are the cheapestFor this situation, there are two whose perimeter alarm on one side and the other immersionThe first is used to set up a security perimeter and the second to see if there are drownings

To prove its efficiency, such equipment must be able to run all dayTheir disadvantages are their effectiveness is not always proven

Water: an inevitable element in the development of the garden

Water is a major element for the survival of all living things including plantsThis is something that can not be around when it comes to a garden and its maintenanceThis is the main parameter to evaluate before building it

To develop the garden, we must first provide a water source that will serve as a source for irrigationFor this, there are two practical ways that involve digging a sump or to recover rainwaterThis second option allows a considerable saving, since it is sufficient to place a container in a predefined location to collect water runoff

The only downside to the collection of rainwater lies in the fact that the climate still eludes the control of manMoreover, plantations need water during dry periods which always require a mechanical input

As for digging a well, one must first examine the nature of the surrounding terrain and climateIt is from these that will be possible to estimate the number of wells needed to prevent floodingIt is the same depth that depends on the abundance of water

What you should know for the maintenance of its plants

Development work can still be corrected, because the maturity of a garden is between four to five yearsIt is still useful to them in order to focus spending limitsTo get a good view, choose plants according to the season in order to generate an attractive totalThis is also true for the choice of crops and locations

The land is an important element in the development of a plant, because it draws from the food it needs to live and growThis is the reason why we must engage the services of professionals to see if the soil is suitable for planting desired or not

As for the grass that is highly prized for its decorative side, several criteria must be consideredThe fact that it will be used to relax, to play or for other purposes mostly influential on the choice of plantingThe cultural practices such as pruning, plowing, the fight against weeds are also decisive factors for the development of the garden

It is certain that such activity is mainly focused on the aesthetic side, but sustainability should not be minimizedTherefore, the degree of sunlight, soil characteristics, plant and climate elements should not be overlookedTo reduce the risk, it is recommended to choose plants that do not need to adapt to the environment in which they are

The different ways to succeed himself its construction

Building a home is not an easy task because of the disciplines need to master in this areaTo succeed, it is necessary that all the steps from the foundation to the roof or even finishing are carried outThe main reason people opt for self-construction is particularly on the expenditure for work to cause such

Currently, there are several ways in order to build the house yourselfThis is for example the case of magazines, books, fact sheets developed by the specialized agenciesFor a first reading, it may be that the content is a little vague for the reader, but by devoting a little time, it will be easier to assimilate

Another more convenient way is to go directly to job sitesThis choice can be in direct contact with the work and become familiar with the materials as well as techniquesTo help you remember important details, it is more reasonable to take pictures

Finally, the right solution is to engage in the practice by providing assistance to stakeholdersThese can be friends, family members or professionals in this areaMoreover, such initiatives can still be used later, especially as they can help in case of lack of materials

The advantages and disadvantages of self-construction

Self-construction is an interesting measure for those who like to work by their own willThe self-builder will be happy to have built his house on its own initiative and reap the fruits of his laborSince there is no price for labor, expenses will also be reducedFor a wooden house, it is possible to request the services of a builder kit for parts

It is true that this approach has various interests, but also some disadvantages that it is imperative to knowIt is difficult to decide on several issues that deserve in-depth knowledgeIs for example the case of electricity, plumbing, insulation or masonryTo have no concern at these levels, it is recommended to contract with individuals more comfortable on the subject

Many people also experience discomfort related to the amount of work that is most often misjudgedTo minimize risks, it is better to take a safety marginIt can also help with regard to the duration of projects

In addition, details to note is that this system excludes some services like interesting year guaranteeThis is a mandatory coverage if one wishes to erect his house through a professional

What is the compensation for eviction for a commercial lease?

Prior to the signing of a commercial lease, it is better to judge the important elements of its contentThis is for example the case of the veracity of the clauses, duration and amount of itThis action is essential to avoid disappointment later

To the extent that the lease is expired, the law allows the tenant to renew under certain conditionsIndeed, if the landlord refuses to make the renewal, it is obliged to pay an amount called eviction compensation to the person concernedIt is used to cover the losses sustained by the applicant

In addition, if the lease is not renewed, the subject has the right to occupy the premises until it is doneHowever, it is necessary that the building is still in good condition and is safe for occupants

Non-renewal with compensation

The eviction compensation is considered in relation to damage caused to the tenant and not the errors from the lessorThus, it is evaluated according to the extent of damage is not always easy to establishIn this situation, all details must be considered

Indeed, such compensation shall be the value of goodwill is determined based on the practices of the professionThis value is added by the various costs for the relocation, occupancy and transfer taxes to get a new backgroundThere is also redundancy payments which are under the responsibility of the tenant and the loss of a license as that required for alcohol or tobacco

Moreover, it can be evaluated either by agreement or within reach of a competent courtFor this second case, the law takes into account the actual date of foreclosure

Non-renewal without compensation

Note, however, that circumstances offer the possibility of the landlord not having to pay compensationThis is precisely what is mentioned in section L145-17 of the Commercial Code which is considering two alternatives:

· Reason serious legal: if the tenant has not fulfilled its obligations vis-à-vis the agreement, the owner can avoid paying the amount owedThis also applies if the person has ceased operation of the business for no good reason· Works related to the building: be aware that if the lessor decides to renovate the house due to poor condition, it is discharged from the eviction indemnityHowever, the judge of funds must first make a finding places to confirm the claims

At the conference program

During this conference, the theme was focused on "solutions for the development of affordable housing"Workshops, open to the general public, were held throughout thisIt was expected that three workshops held during which he was treated different topics with the participation of various stakeholders in each area

1 The workshop was attended by:

- Didier Vanoni, economist and sociologist, but also the Director of Social Research FORS- Stéphane Quadrio is the project manager for EPA Saint-Etienne- François Chaussavoine, the Director of Housing Coop BritainThe workshop was mainly focused on the price level of real estate and the socio-spatial segregation

The selling price of housing and land costs eligible BIA concerning the issues that were addressed in the workshop 2The latter was facilitated by:

- The Director of Studies Association property in the person of Caroline Gerber - The Director of Housing and solidarity service in Nantes Métropole is Anne Berty The third dealt mainly with the accession of new housing and households territorialization of PTZ +There were three speakers during the latter which are:

- Bernard Worms, Director of ANIL- François Tarade, the Director Land Bank Habitat- Jean-Loup Perlot, the Deputy Director of the Urban Community of Caen la Mer

Purpose of the meeting

Just over 300 participants are expected to host the 12th conference organized by AdequacyThere is no discrimination in the selection of participants that the actors in the public and private sectors will be represented

The main purpose of this meeting is to answer the question about the housing problem in the country and to make the most appropriate oneThat is why the workshops are held there on topics related to housingApart these, there were also plenary sessions every day in this part

Adequacy is?

Adequacy is the pioneer in the field of behavioral observation in the market for new housing in FranceHis main concern is to find solutions both for professionals working in the field of real estate, but also to allow households to have easier access to housing

To do this, the company organizes an annual conference that aims to create a platform on which all stakeholders in the sector of the sale, purchase or lease of real estate can contribute in improving the market and its environment

What is a hood?

A hood is an element used in the kitchen and serves to limit the spread of smoke throughout the houseWhen cooking, it is possible that the smoke clears and contaminates the whole houseThe smell that results can be unpleasant especially when there are guests in the latterTo overcome this problem, more and more households now opt for the installation of this unitGenerally, it is proportional to the surface of the hob in the kitchenThis is done to minimize the smoke evacuation

In addition, when a person decides to get one, the items it considers are primarily capacity to suck odors and features it offersApart from the desire of the smell, it also serves to suck the fat that may overflow during baking

The different types of hoods

You can choose between different types of hoods according to its needs, but also depending on the features that are proposed

Aesthetics is an essential factor especially if it's the female who choosesThere is, indeed, a few types which are intended to beautify the decor of the kitchen, but can perform their roles effectivelyTo do this, designers are still trying to find innovations and are speaking their imagination to best meet the customer expectationsIt therefore uses unusual materials to form an appropriate structure with an originalAll tastes are represented and all categories of people can find happiness

However, there are people who prefer functionality itself rather than the originalAll that matters is therefore to have a powerful toolIn this case, consumer choice can be worn on the classical modelsThese have the particularity to blend into the backgroundIndeed, they may be the style of the drawer or be mounted on the wallIn both cases, what is highlighted is the performance of the equipment

In some, to keep intact the decoration of the house and especially the kitchen, some households choose those discreteThese models have the distinction of being integrated in a cabinet in the kitchenAs a result, no one will notice her

The features of this device

You should know that a hood is used primarily to limit the spread of the odor from the cooking, but also to catch the fat that emerges from thisTo be effective, it is essential to respect a certain distance from the cooktop

However, it is also a light source which is very useful to monitor the cookingThere are, in fact, models that have a halogen bulbIt is also possible that the equipment has a recycling system in the kitchen need intensive

1-Building a cheap house with its own

With the different offers that are on the market, it is possible to build a house according to its budgetGenerally, when talking about cheap home, often referred to self-constructionBuilding his house yourself may in fact be beneficial especially in terms of cost

There is no need to appeal to workers or contractors to perform workThus, with a budget of 60,000 euros, it is now possible to build the house of his dreamsHowever, to ensure the quality of the work, it is still advisable to seek the advice of professionals in the fieldThis will in this case an assisted self-construction

2-Clearly identify the project budget

This step will allow future owners to tailor the choice of the house to be built according to financial means available to themIn addition, it will be easier to set priorities and stick to it throughout the projectThus, by determining precisely the budget, the project owner can avoid unpleasant surprises when it must pay the amount

In order to respect the budget was set, it is necessary to make some sacrifices especially in terms of comfort and aesthetics of the homeIn this case, it is best to pay attention in the living spaces which are intended to welcome visitors

3-Making the right choice in the field

In order to have the best conditions for the construction, it is essential to make extensive studies on the specific ground on which the dwelling will be builtIt is therefore essential to have a good quality of soil in order to optimize safety and comfort of it and its inhabitants

4-Working with an architect

In the context of self-construction, the project owner can arrange itself in the development of building plansFor this, it can be based on models in magazines and later use of softwareHowever, it is still advisable to use the experience and skills of an architect who is already accustomed to managing such situations

5-Choosing a Contractor

If the future owner of the house decides to hire a contractor to handle the project, it must be careful in choosing oneVarious tools are made available on the internet so he can make a comparative quotes and services which are provided

6-Preparing for the Unexpected

This last step is very important to the project to come to an endGenerally, people who engage in such a major project to set aside a percentage of the total workThe amount that is set aside will be used later to repair the damage that can potentially occur on site

1-The size of the wind

Since it is the wind that the main player in this process, the greenhouse gas emissions are minimized resulting in a decrease in air pollutionThe installation of the infrastructure is not easy because it takes into account various criteria and do some research in advance

There are different types of wind turbines to suit all budgetsIndeed it is possible to choose between different models taking into account their needs and expectationsThose with a fairly limited budget can opt for models that are 15 meters high and efficientNote however that to have increased performance, choose models that are more than 25 meters highIt is the latter that are more profitable because they produce much more energy that can meet the needs of an entire family

2-Climatic constraints

The key to the operation of a wind turbine is of course the windIt is therefore essential to take into account the specific local climate before embarking on the installationTo take full advantage of the benefits from the infrastructure, it takes on average a wind blowing with a force of 10 to 20 km / hIf this condition is not reached, the device may not generate electricitySimilarly, if the wind speed exceeds 20km / h, it can not withstand the shock

3-Constraints related to the specific soil

To secure maximum installation, it is essential to have a very strong foundationIt is therefore important to in-depth studies on the characteristics of the soil to prevent damage that could occur

4-Administrative procedures

Before you can install a wind turbine in his garden or elsewhere, we must first complete some formalities at the local prefecture and other institutionsIt is thus necessary to have a building permit, a bond certificate of redemption, a power purchase contract, a statement of operationsConnecting to an agreement setting equilibrium is also useful for this purpose

5-Choosing the location

Everyone has the option of installing a wind turbine provided you have followed all the procedures that contribute to thisHowever, it is not all locations that are available for this facilityIt is, for example, forbidden to install this device along highways or expresswaysThe laws also stipulate that the distance between the road and it must be doubled up to it

6-Take into account the reliefs

To optimize the performance of this device, it is advisable to install it on the trays, the plains and mountains oldThese are places that offer, in fact, the conditions most suitable for this type of installationThe young forests and mountains are not recommended against

Operation of a wind turbine

The market for wind and solar energy are constantly evolvingThe key to the functioning of this is the first windIt is therefore important to choose a field which is quite far from the cities to have improved performanceIt is through the blades that can capture energy and transform it eventually into electricityThe transformation is usually done through a generator

Individuals can choose this option to be able to save on the costs of energy productionThis also contributes to the fight against global warmingThis device allows, in fact, reduce the emission of carbon dioxide because it uses a natural element to generate electricity

There are two types for households, the horizontal and verticalThis is the first option that is most used by individuals because it has a much higher performance and provides, therefore, a very significant costThe second, meanwhile, is less efficient, but has the specificity to be more resistant against the gusts of wind

The peculiarities of a domestic wind

The installation of a domestic wind is subject to some conditionsBefore embarking on this project, a preliminary study of the specificity of the soil is essentialThis is done in order to prevent risks that may arise in the installation and for persons who may be around

Generally, it is advisable to seek professional help to install this device because it takes into account several criteriaThese are mainly the location of the structure from the house and its distance to highwaysIt is not recommended to install it on the roof of the dwelling, as this can cause irreversible damage to the frame and cause its collapse

How to choose the suitable means to his home?

The choice of a wind turbine depends mainly on the required performance and its ability to provide energyThere are different types with power varied between 0.9 and 20 KWThe purchase price is also a key factor that can influence the choice and it should also be noted that it also varies according to the power it providesMore the latter, the lower the price is lower and vice versaIndividuals can therefore choose freely according to their budget, but prices are generally between 8,000 and 20,000 euros

Choose to install this device can also allow the owner to benefit from special treatment in terms of tax and VATIt should be noted that if the facility exceeds the height of 12 meters, providing a number of formalities requiredThese include:

- A building permit - A contract for purchasing electricity and a statement of operations

The largest increase in 3 years

The increase in the benchmark rents is a situation that is noted for some timeIn the first quarter, for example, the increase was 1.6%, from 1.73 in the second quarter to reach 1.90% by the third quarterApart from the last three quarters, we must also note that has now come to a seventh straight increase

It is essential to take account of inflation in determining the indexIndeed, the main cause of this increase is steady inflation, with a figure of 2.2% per yearThe result of this is that donors are required to increase the amount of rent that it is necessary to fill gapsHowever, a ceiling is set in the increased amount of theseAccording to figures that were published, the lessor shall not exceed 1.90% per year in higher prices of these

It should, however, noted that during the crisis, there was a small slowdown in the growth figures for fresh start later2011 thus records the largest increase since the peak in 2009

In the words of the law

Generally, a lease must contain a clause that refers to the conditions of rent increasesThe increase of these is a right for the landlord so that it can prevent inflation in consumer pricesIt is also possible that the owner of the local reviews the amount thereof upon the renewal of the lease or whether to undertake rehabilitation

The increase is attributed to them must be based on the benchmark for this area, according to the law of July 6, 1989In addition, the index determines the ceiling should not exceed in determining the amount of theseThe determination of the IRL is from the average consumer price increase noted in the previous yearIf this is not done, the lessor may base the operation on the last index that was published

Update on the rental in France

With the crisis in the real estate sector, more and more households are turning to leasing rather than purchase a new homeSince 2009, the market for rental house or apartment has grown by 8.6%

The development of this sector has led a significant increase in rents as evidenced by the following figures:

- 2.90%: the increase per year lease of two parts- For three parts, it is more moderate with 0.68% each year- Similarly for the 4 pieces that show a minimal increase of 0.63%

Different figures by region

The studies that were conducted in the field of real estate have shown that the purchase price of a property differs by regionThe sector is experiencing increases in some cities while in others it continues to decline

Regions with increased are the Ile-de-France and the Rhone-AlpesFNAIM or National Federation of Real EstateFor the city of Paris, selling prices rose an annual 2.3% to reach almost the € 8,500 per square meter forIt should be noted that this development was seen in the second quarter of this year

Especially in some departments like the Yvelines and Seine-et-Marne that property prices are steadily declining, with respectively -13.7% and -4.1%This is also true for Burgundy that shows a very significant decline in the first quarter to -9.7%You should know that it is mainly the sale of houses is the most affected by this crisis with a drop of up to -4%The sale of apartments are less affected with a reduction of -0.8%

A continuous decrease

Analysts are unable to provide numbers and a specific timeframe for the duration of this crisis that causes a continuous reduction of property pricesThe main causes for this are, according to analysts, the stringent conditions that were charged to the credit application, but also the purchasing power of households continues to decline

Studies have also shown that the market for old houses is experiencing a clear shift in recent yearsHouseholds are more tempted by the acquisition of house renovated as a new homeHowever, even if the sector is experiencing strong growth, analysts come forward to say that the market will suffer next year stabilizationAnd about the year 2013, it will be a slight depression then be marked by a resurgence of strength and have a growth in 2014

Explanation of lower prices

Lower prices in real estate is now a realityHowever, with the increases that have been noticed in recent years, the reduction is not sufficient to address the damage that was causedAnd with the regulations on the taxation of capital gains on transfer operations of a building, owners must revise upward their selling prices

The situation is also characterized by the fact that the rates offered by financial institutions in connection with borrowings are increasingly importantThis is explained by the fact that the financial sector is deteriorating and the players must be careful not to have to put the key in the door

The loans can be contracted is now less importantAs an example, a borrower, in 2010, had the opportunity to make a loan of 172,400 euros if he has to pay a monthly fee of 1000 euros for 20 yearsToday, with the conditions, there can be a loan of 160,800 euros

Who should payercette charge?

Regarding payment terms, payment from a written document should be made on or before October 17, 2011Those who have opted for online payment will be given until October 22, 2011 to fulfill their obligation

People who pay property tax on built properties are:

- Legal persons - Individuals - The usufruct of a property They must pay the payment of this tax if they own one or more good from January 2011Generally, the payment thereof is made each yearHowever, the owner may choose to pay monthlyNote that even if the property is sold, the owner must still pay the paymentBut later, it may submit to the competent authority, an agreement to sell its used for the repayment of the amount paid

The payment of this fee is mandatory because it is used to fund projects at:

- The Commons - Trade unions of municipalities - intercommunal - Departments - Regions It is also used to fund special equipment taxes and those of household waste

More time with online payment

Generally, the tax authority sends a notice to the owners about the TFPB to encourage them to payHowever, even if the notice fails to them, they still fulfill the obligation of the payment that it is possible to have access to the opinion on the internet including on-site taxesGov.en

Those who choose the option written on paper had to pay their taxes October 17, 2011Internet users have an additional period of five days to do that is to say, October 22, 2011It should however be aware that if the owner pays the tax for the first time on the internet, it will have on hand the tax notice and some information about his bank balance

How to pay his property taxes online?

The first step to do to use this process is to go to the website of the French government dedicated to the payment of taxesIt will then click on the tab "pay your taxes online"The user will then see a form to fill in which he must give his tax number, the reference of its tax notices and bank detailsOtherwise, those who choose the first option will also give their bank details

After filling out the form and provide all necessary information, it will have to share the situation to his bankTo do this, it can send the document on accession to tele-regulation is in print or in digital format by e-mailThis process has the advantage to optimize the security of transactions that the connection is secureYou should also know that the Internet regularly received a receipt on transactions carried out on the internet

The importance of isolating the roof

According to specialists of the roofs, the roof stores 30% of the heatIndeed, under the action of a lack of insulation and good air duct, warm air can easily escape out of the houseAs a result, the temperature increases inside the latterIt is thus suggested to invest in loft insulation and the roof in order to have a livable interior and feesThe materials that are normally used are glass wool and rock woolThe advantage of insulating the attic and roof is energy conservationIndeed, in this way there is no need to refresh the interior of his house through a device such as air conditioner

How to insulate the roof?

In order to isolate its roof, the following two points should be well defined: the thermal resistance and spaceDepending on these, the various solutions proposed sontune insulation:

· Low and narrow space:-reflective film set in the rafters, this solution is expensive and virtually ineffective in reality

· Middle and a narrow space: set-insulation between the raftersDelicacy of-implementation due to the irregular spaces between the rafters

· Strong and wide areaFor this type of insulation utilisersont: panels double-thick insulation is fixed to the inside of a box structure between failuresBlow a loose-fill insulation in cellulose or rock woolThis happens after installing ventilation baffles between the raftersFor the success of the roof insulation, you should know the roof of attics, the attic of living space and the roof terraceThus, the first kind is particularly highlightedThe reason is that it requires one or two layers of insulationThese can be mineral wool in rolls, with two layers of 20 cm cross, blown or loose, or in polystyrene

The action of the materials to insulate the roof

To use good quality materials, it is important to check beforehand on the thermal conductivity, heat resistance and fire resistance of these

-The thermal conductivity is a measure of quality of the material using the lambda coefficientMore value is low, it is more quality-The thermal resistance (R) is expressed in m² K / WIt determines the power of the material relative to the thickness of it in m² and with thermal conductivity (lambda)-The fire resistance (M) provides information on the material's ability to not ignite or spread the flames in the home

Information obtained from these three parameters are essentialFor if the insulation highly resistant to heat, the thermal insulation performanceThus, the thermal resistance must be greater than 0.5 m² K / W

Change in real rate

A site has conducted studies on real rates that are applied in ten towns in FranceThe results of these studies have shown that there is great disparity in rates in the ten cities that were analyzedAs a result, there are much more favorable for borrowing and otherAs an example, a person who makes a loan to 20 years in Toulouse may have a rate of 3.75%However, if the loan is in Bordeaux, the best rate he could not going to be below 4%

These differences in rates that are offered by banks are mainly due to the strategies adopted in the local communityBut there are promotions that are offered by different financial institutions that are among the causes of these

Also note that the rate that is granted depends on the particular circumstances of the borrowerOlder people can not, for example, benefit from a rate of interest because they are at higher risk for banksOn the contrary, young people will be able to take out a loan that has characteristics quite interesting especially at the rate

And market context

Of note is that the situation in the real estate market is different from one region to anotherIn some departments such as the Gironde, the Drôme, the Loire Atlantique, the Marne and Seine-Maritime for example, the selling price of a building has a high evolution sometimes up to 10%This is not the case for the Lozère, the Landes, the Deux-Sevres, the Meuse, the Allier and the Cher, where the price variation is between -4 to -13%

In addition, after the 2008 crisis, the sector has seen a clear evolutionBut according to figures that have been listed above, be aware that not all regions of France who have benefited from this new momentum experienced by the market

The trend is also present in the renovation and sale of old houseAccording to test results that have been made by the National Institute of Statistics, the price of transactions in this sector rose by 6.3% in FranceHowever, it is in the city of Paris there was the clearest trend with 9.8%

Examples

For an overview of the situation, it is important to see in detail the evolution of the market in citiesFor this, there are two that stand out:

- The city of Bordeaux was a slight trend with 2 to 3%

- For Nantes, the price increase is between 3 and 4%

Boom sector

The production of solar energy in the world reached in 2010, 35 MW or 15 Gigawatt additional one year

Particularly promising markets are North America, China, Japan and Australia, but Europe maintains its leadership position with over 70% market share

So a growing sector in both developed markets in developingA development that tends to upset the market

Market growth is increasing year by year, according to a study by the European Association for the photovoltaic industry and Greenpeace InternationalA dynamic PV industry which the Germans are the leaders in Europe with plants that can produce up to 3800MW

China meanwhile is the leading supplier of equipment for producing solar with a market share of 35 to 40% of the manufacture of solar modules

The popularity of this environmentally friendly alternative has increased the number of companies in the sector, but also the prospects for job creation

However, each government has launched its own accompanying measures to encourage and control the expansion of the sector

Prices and accompanying measures

Photovoltaic panels are composed mainly of siliconRelatively expensive products on the market, the world tend to lower the price of this productThis will necessarily impact on the market for the installation of solar panels by reducing pricesFor now engage in this kind of investment is quite expensive

Similarly, the state support measures are not eternalFaced with a policy of fiscal restraint in almost all countries, subsidies and other benefits related to the development of solar energy will eventually be cut

If today's solar panels can receive a tax credit of 50% of the material that is likely to disappear soon

Yet the sun is beneficial in all respects with the cost relatively cheaper than fossil or nuclear generationThe arrival of new innovations in this direction will help the development of solar energy technology that increases performance by 12.8%

Countries like France have already taken the lead in the redevelopment of their political supportIndeed, given the excitement generated by the major political lines of 2010, the popularity of solar energy highs that were provided for in 10 years

Thus these new measures were malcontents among the professionals who see this as an attack on their interestsA dark cloud, for example on employment in the sector

These measures include reductions in tax credits of 50%, but also a reduction of the purchase price of solar energy by utilities